Chapter 21.1 The Industrial Revolution Spreads The 2 nd Industrial Revolution Steel is most important Electricity, assembly line, steamships, RR’s, autos, telegraph, telephones, radio, urbanization, monopolies

Focus Q: March 13 What are several reasons that you think the US became an industrial power? What are the benefits of being an industrialized country?

Focus Q: March 24 Factories, electric lights, assembly line, computers……. How has technology improved your life? How has technology negatively effected your life?

What you will learn….. 1.BR industrializes first. 2.Belgium, FR, US, and GER follow 3.Later Japan, Russia, Canada, New Zealand, Australia. 4.Big businesses emerge as technology transforms industry, transportation, and communication.

Why is this important? 1.Sometimes govts do things to improve the lives of their citizens. Examples? 2.Is there a cost to new technologies? Examples? 3.What’s good about innovation? Are you willing to take the good w/ the bad? Any examples?

Chapter 21 vocab Alfred Nobel1Henry Bessemer 1 G. Marconi 1 Standard of living2 urban renewal 2Louis Pasteur 2 Temperance movement 3 Cult of domesticity 3

Think—Pair—Share What 2 inventions do you rely on most? How do they impact or help you?

A 2 nd Industrial Revolution 1.1 st phase powered by iron, steam engines, and British textile industry 2.2nd phase powered by  Machines run by electricity  Innovative processes: assembly line, Bessemer process—steel  New business organizations: corps, monopolies

More Countries Industrialize 1.BR tries to stop the export of its inventions and tech for factories 2.Belgium 1 st European country to get textile manufacturing 3.Other countries catch up to BR fast. Why? They have more natural resources: coal, iron, oil, lumber, inventors Use BR’s example

Some Countries Industrialize 1.Germany, France, US have more resources than BR—borrow BR experts and tech 2.1 st textile factory in US—Pawtucket, RI 3.Germany and US will become the world’s leading industrial powers by 1900

Samuel Slater’s textile mill, 1793 Pawtucket, Rhode Island 1 st US (textile) factory

Some Countries Industrialize 1.**Russia has resources, but political conditions slow their development** 2.**Japan has few resources, but leaders make modernization a priority**

Share in World Manufacturing Output: What’s your analysis? Percent Percent

Effects of Industrialization 1.Social changes Rapid urbanization, men/women/kids work long hrs, low wages, dangerous conditions By 1900—factory conditions had begun to improve—women and kids, limit work hrs, school required

Effects of Industrialization Factories 1.Produce new goods 2.At lower prices increases demand 3.Demand for goods creates more jobs 4.So does building cities, RR’s, factories 5.b/c of tech and economic advantages— Western countries will dominate the world

Technology Sparks Industrial Growth 1.By 1880s, companies rely on professional scientists, chemists, engineers, accountants, not “tinkerers” or family 2.This will increase the pace of growth

Steel and the Bessemer Process 1.Henry Bessemer (BR) and William Kelly (US) independently come up w/ the process 2.**(1856) Bessemer patents new way to make steel** Blow air though molten iron ore 3.Steel is stronger, more flexible, doesn’t rust, lighter than iron 4.major building material in bridges, RR’s, tools

Innovations in Chemistry 1.Chemists make 100’s of new products— aspirin, perfumes, soaps, fertilizers 2.**Alfred Nobel (Swedish)—invents dynamite (1866)—safer explosive—used in construction, warfare** 3.Nobel Prize—profits from dynamite physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and for peace. $1.4 million in 2009, $1.2 M in 2012

explosive made from nitroglycerin and an inert, porous filler such as wood pulp, sawdust, kieselguhr, or some other absorbent material. explosive The charge is set off with a detonator.detonator

Just for you……. Doctor: "I'm sorry but you suffer from a terminal illness and have only 10 to live." Patient: "What do you mean, 10? 10 what? Months? Weeks?!" Doctor: "Nine." It is so cold outside I saw a politician with his hands in his own pockets. What is the difference between a snowman and a snowwomen? Snowballs.

Electricity Replaces Steam 1.Italian Alessandro Volta—1 st battery— around Brit Michael Faraday—1 st electric motor and dynamo: generates electricity (1831) 3.Todays generators, transformers use his principles 4.Later, light bulb, ways to generate and distribute electricity….Westinghouse and Tesla

New Methods of Production Improves efficiency—make things cheaper, faster 1.Interchangeable parts: identical parts used—simplifies assembly and repair—Eli Whitney 2.**assembly line: workers repeatedly perform 1 task**--not Ford 1st Work comes to the worker, not vice-versa Is mind-numbing, joyless, boring

Transportation Advances 1.Steamships replace sailing ships 1 week across the Atlantic, 3 weeks Pacific 2.RR’s (US) transcontinental RR: week coast to coast, not 3 months Trans-Siberian RR links European Russia to the Pacific

Railroads on the Continent

Automobile Age 1.**Internal combustion engine makes autos and airplanes possible** 2.Nikolaus Otto invents gas powered internal combustion engine 3.(1886) Karl Benz—patents automobile (3- wheeled)—1887 Daimler: 4 wheeler 4.Ford uses assembly line—US become world leader Model T

Daimler or Benz?

Communications 1.(1835) Samuel Morse—telegraph, Morse code (1838)—send messages over wires s—trans-Atlantic cable 3.(1876) A.G. Bell—telephone 4.**(1890s) G. Marconi invents the radio** basis for global communications today

1858 Newfoundland to Ireland

Rise of Big Business 1.Businesses need ($) to expand 2.Sell stock—shares of ownership in the company—to raise $ 3.**corporations: companies that sell stock to investors** 4.Monopolies—companies that control an entire industry – they eliminate competition—usually not good for consumers

21.1 creative side 1.Draw a picture w/ a slogan to describe one development for each of the following subsections in 21.1: Technology Sparks Industrial Growth Trans. and Communication Advances Business Takes a New Direction