Twelfth Policy Board meeting Information and Knowledge Sharing Sessions Lima, Peru 8-9 July 2014

The Warsaw Framework From Bali to Warsaw Rules and modalities for REDD+ María J. Sanz-Sánchez FAO/UNREDD

Outline RED, REDD, REDD+ - Time line UNFCCC decisions Cancun Agreements 4 elements Guidance, rules and modalities for the REDD+ REDD+ Overall picture under UNFCCC Capacity Building, finance and coordination of support

The Timeline COP11 (Montreal): Papua New Guinea & Cost Rica ask for a new agenda item called “Reducing Emissions from deforestation”: Launch of a two-year process COP12 (Nairobi): Agreement on a second workshop COP13 (Bali): Bali Action Plan: Non-Annex I Parties to undertake measurable, reportable & verifiable NAMAs; REDD+ activities introduced; guidance on demonstration activities COP14 (Poznan): Paving the way for COP15 for Decision 4/CP.14 on methodological issues COP15 (Copenhagen): Methodological guidance on REDD+ activities, including: national forest monitoring systems required to estimate GHGs from forestry activities COP16 (Cancun): Cancun Agreements: guidance on implementation of REDD+ activities, including: national forest monitoring systems required to monitor and report on REDD+ activities COP17 (Durban): Guidance on forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels for REDD+ activities and on systems for providing information on REDD+ safeguards COP18 (Doha): Work Prog/ on results base finance under the COP to be resumed at COP19 / Coordination of support SBSTA/SBI / initiation of work on non-market approaches and methodological guidance for non-C benefits COP19 (Warsaw): Warsaw Framework: Guidance completed for FRELs/FRLs, and NFMS; more guidance on SIS and MRV and Drivers / Provisions for result-base finance and coordination of support REDD+ Provisions, Rules and Modalities Provided through decisions

The “Rulebook” REDD+ Decisions The FW Decission Meth GL rules and modalities Other Provisions Meth GL rules and modalities Meth GL indicative And other provisions Meth GL Initial guidance 1/CP.13 (para 1 biii) BAP

The 4 Elements - CA 4/CP.15 12/CP.17 13/CP.19 + Annex 4/CP.15 11/CP.19 1/CP.16 15/CP.19 12/CP.17 12/CP.19 Where to find the methodological Guidance (rules and modalities)

The Methodological Guidance Rules and Modalities NFMS Decision 11/CP.19* Modalities for national forest monitoring systems (sub-national NFMS as an interim measure) [1/CP.16, para 71(c)] A robust and transparent national forest monitoring system ….. with, if appropriate, subnational monitoring and reporting as an interim measure, ….. national circumstances, ….decision 4/CP.15, and with any further elaboration of those provisions agreed by the COP The NFMS …should Take into account guidance in Decision 4/CP.15 Be guided by the most recent IPCC guidance and guidelines, as adopted or encouraged by the Conference of the Parties, as appropriate Provide data and information that are transparent, consistent over time, and are suitable for measuring, reporting and verifying anthropogenic forest-related emissions by sources and removals by sinks, forest carbon stocks, and forest carbon stock and forest-area changes resulting from the implementation REDD+ activities Consistent with guidance on MRV of NAMAs by developing country Parties agreed by the COP Build upon existing systems, as appropriate Enable the assessment of different types of forest in the country, including natural forest, as defined by the Party Be flexible and allow for improvement Reflect, as appropriate, the REDD+ phased approach may provide relevant information for national SIS Decision 4/CP.15 General methodological guidance pre Cancun Agreements …according to national circumstances and capabilities, robust and transparent NFMS that: (i)Use a combination of remote sensing and ground-based forest carbon inventory approaches (ii)Provide estimates that are transparent, consistent, as far as possible accurate, and that reduce uncertainties (iii)Are transparent and their results are available and suitable for review as agreed by COP Encourages the development of guidance for effective engagement of IPs and local communities in monitoring and reporting

FREL/FRL The Methodological Guidance Rules and Modalities Decision 13/CP.19* Guidelines and procedures for the technical assessment of submissions on proposed FRLs/FRELs [1/CP.16, para 71(b)] A national forest reference emission level and/or forest reference level or, if appropriate, as an interim measure, subnational …., in accordance with national circumstances, and with provisions contained in decision 4/CP.15… …each submission referred to in decision 12/CP.17, p13, (FRL/FREL) shall be subject to a technical assessment.. In accordance with 12/CP.17… on a voluntary basis and when deemed appropriate, submit its FRL/FREL.... might be technically assessed in the context of results-based payments.. guidelines and procedures for the technical assessment of submissions – Annex.. secretariat to prepare a synthesis report on the technical assessment process, for consideration by SBSTA after the first year of technical assessments.. invitation to nominate experts to the roster.. invitation to support capacity-building in relation to the development and assessment of FRLs/FRELs, taking into account the work of the CGE on National Communications from Non Annex I Parties Annex - Guidelines and procedures for the TA of submissions from Parties on proposed FRLs/FRELs Guidelines for TA: objectives and scope Procedures for the TA: General procedures, composition of the assessment team and timing Decision 12/CP.17 Modalities for FRLs/FRELs FRLs/FRELs..expressed in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent CO2 eq per year are benchmarks for assessing each country’s performance in implementing the REDD+ activities....shall be established taking into account 4/CP.15, p 7, and maintaining consistency with anthropogenic forest-related greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks as contained in each country’s GHGs inventories..a step-wise approach to national FRL/FREL development may be useful, enabling Parties to improve FRLs/FRELs by incorporating better data, improved methodologies and, where appropriate, additional pools…..subnational FRLs/FRELs may be elaborated as an interim measure, while transitioning to a national …update a FRL/FREL periodically as appropriate, taking into account new knowledge, new trends and any modification of scope and methodologies Invited for submission of the FRLs/FRELs… Decision 4/CP.15 Recognizes that DCP in establishing FRLs/FRELs should do so transparently taking into account historic data, and adjust for national circumstances

MR Rules and Modalities NFMS FREL/FRL 12/CP.17 13/CP.19 + Annex 4/CP.15 11/CP.19 MRV 14/CP.19.. MRV anthropogenic forest-related emissions and removals, forest carbon stocks, and forest carbon stock and forest-area changes resulting from the implementation of REDD+ activities (ref to paras 71b,c 1/CP.16: NFMS, FRELs/FRLS), is to be consistent with the methodological guidance in 4/CP.15, and any guidance on the MRV of NAMAS….as agreed by the COP, and in accordance with any future relevant decisions….. need to develop capacities for MRV.. data and information used … in the estimation of anthropogenic forest- related emissions by sources and removals by sinks, forest carbon stocks, and forest carbon stock and forest-area changes, as appropriate to REDD+ activities.., should be transparent, and consistent over time and with the established FRLs/FRELs in accordance with 1/CP.16, p71b,c and 12/CP.17.. Results expressed in tCO2 eq.. improve the data and methodologies used over time, while maintaining consistency with the established FRLs/FRELs.. provided through the BURs, taking into consideration the additional flexibility given to the LDCs and SIDs.. to obtain and receive payments for results-based actions, when submitting the data and information … through the BURs, to supply a technical annex (2/CP.17, annex, p19).. voluntary and in the context of result base payments.. data and information provided in the technical annex.. shall be consistent with 4/CP.15 and 12/CP.17 and follow guidelines -- two LULUCF experts to be included in the technical team of experts.. as part of the technical analysis referred to in decision 2/CP.17, annex IV, p4, the technical team of experts shall analyse the extent to which.... Party … may interact with the technical team of experts (TTE) during the analysis of its technical annex to provide clarifications and additional information.. And experts may seek for clarification to the Party as well..the TTE will develop a report … to be published in the web.. Containing: -The technical annex / the technical analysis / areas for technical improvement / any comments and/or responses by the Party concerned There is consistency in methodologies, definitions, comprehensiveness and the information provided between the assessed RL and the results of the implementation of the REDD+ activities The data and information provided in the technical annex is - transparent, consistent, complete and accurate - consistent with the other decisions (4/CP.15 and 12/CP.17) guidelines The results are accurate, to the extent possible Further modalities for V may be needed for market approaches…

Decision 9/CP.19* The Methodological Guidance Rules and Modalities Decision 12/CP.17 Modalities Where and how to provide SG info [1/CP.16, para 71(d)] A system for providing information on how the safeguards referred to in appendix I to this decision are being addressed and respected throughout the implementation of the REDD+ …, while respecting sovereignty SIS, taking into account national circumstances and respective capabilities, and recognizing national sovereignty and legislation, and relevant international obligations and agreements, and respecting gender considerations : Be consistent with …. 1/CP.16, a I, para 1 Provide transparent and consistent information that is accessible by all relevant stakeholders and updated on a regular basis Be transparent and flexible to allow for improvements over time Provide information on how all of the safeguards …..are being addressed and respected; Be country-driven and implemented at the national level Build upon existing systems, as appropriate Summary of information to be provided Include in National Communications or other channels agreed by the COP Decision 12/CP.19* Modalities Time and frequency Timing and frequency Provided periodically and be included in NCs (12/CP.17) Summary of information referred to on SGs … could also be provided, on a voluntary basis, via the web platform on the UNFCCC website Developing country Parties should start providing the summary of information ……..after the start of the implementation of REDD+ activities … Frequency of subsequent presentations of the summary of information …. should be consistent with the provisions for submissions of national communications from Non Annex I Parties.., on a voluntary basis, via the web platform on the UNFCCC website SIS (safeguards) Pending guidance for ensuring transparency, consistency and effectiveness? (requested in 12/CP/17) most recent summary of information to be provided to receive result base payments

Decision 2/CP.17 The Methodological Guidance Rules and Modalities Decision 15/CP.19* Addressing drivers [1/CP.16, para 71(a)] A national strategy or action plan p72.. when developing and implementing their national strategies or action plans, to address, inter alia, the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, land tenure issues, forest governance issues, gender considerations and the safeguards ….ensuring the full and effective participation of relevant stakeholders, inter alia indigenous peoples and local communities p73.. REDD+ be implemented in phases, …(I) the development of national strategies or action plans, policies and measures, and capacity- building,..(II) implementation of national policies and measures and national strategies or action plans that could involve further capacity- building, technology development and transfer and results-based demonstration activities, …. (III) results-based actions that should be fully measured, reported and verified Encourages..Parties, organizations and the private sector to take action to reduce the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation..all Parties, relevant organizations, and the private sector and other stakeholders, to continue their work to address drivers of deforestation and forest degradation and to share the results of their work on this matter, including via the web platform on the UNFCCC website.. developing country Parties to take note of the information from ongoing and existing work on addressing the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation by developing country Parties and relevant organizations and stakeholders..Parties undertaking the results-based actions…, to obtain and receive results-based finance, these actions should be fully MRV and developing …country Parties should have the elements (1/CP.16, p71) National Strategy or Action Plan Strategies and/or action plans are country driven and should take into account the annex I of 1/CP.16 (1/CP.16 Annex 1) Should: (a) Contribute to the achievement of the objective set out in Article 2 of the Convention; (b) Contribute to the fulfilment of the commitments set out in Article 4, paragraph 3, of the Convention; (c) Be country-driven and be considered options available to Parties; (d) Be consistent with the objective of environmental integrity and take into account the multiple functions of forests and other ecosystems; (e) Be undertaken in accordance with national development priorities, objectives and circumstances and capabilities and should respect sovereignty; (f) Be consistent with Parties’ national sustainable development needs and goals; (g) Be implemented in the context of sustainable development and reducing poverty, while responding to climate change; (h) Be consistent with the adaptation needs of the country; (i) Be supported by adequate and predictable financial and technology support, including support for capacity-building; (j) Be results-based; (k) Promote sustainable management of forests; Promote and support safeguards (para 2)

Visualizing… National Strategy or Action Plan NFMSSISFRELs/FRLs PHASE 3 Full implementation Result based payments PHASE 2 Implement. NS/AP, PAMs Demonstration activities (incl. result base payments) PHASE 1 CB, devel. NS/AP PAMs NFMSSIS SNFMS FRELs/FRLs National Strategy or Action Plan FRELs/FRLs

Demonstration… National Strategy or Action Plan NFMSSISFRELs/FRLs PHASE 3 Full implementation Result based payments PHASE 2 Implement. NS/AP, PAMs Demonstration activities (incl. result base payments) PHASE 1 CB, devel. NS/AP PAMs NFMSSIS SNFMS FRELs/FRLs National Strategy or Action Plan FRELs/FRLs Demonstration activities Decision 2/CP.13 Indicative Guidance 1. Demonstration activities should be undertaken with the approval of the host Party. 2. Estimates of reductions or increases of emissions should be results based, demonstrable, transparent and verifiable, and estimated consistently over time. 3. The use of the methodologies most recent reporting GL is encouraged as a basis for estimating and monitoring emissions. 4. Emission reductions from national demonstration activities should be assessed on the basis of national emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. 5. Subnational demonstration activities should be assessed within the boundary used for the demonstration, and assessed for associated displacement of emissions. 6. Reductions in emissions or increases resulting from the demonstration activity should be based on historical emissions, taking into account national circumstances. 7. Subnational approaches, where applied, should constitute a step towards the development of national approaches, reference levels and estimates. 8. Demonstration activities should be consistent with sustainable forest management, noting, inter alia, the relevant provisions of the UNFF, the UNCCD and UNCBD. 9. Experiences in implementing activities should be reported and made available via the Web platform. 10. Reporting on demonstration activities should include a description of the activities and their effectiveness, and may include other information. 11. Independent expert review is encouraged.

Visualizing… National Strategy or Action Plan NFMSSISFRELs/FRLs PHASE 3 Full implementation Result based payments PHASE 2 Implement. NS/AP, PAMs Demonstration activities (incl. result base payments) PHASE 1 CB, devel. NS/AP PAMs NFMSSIS SNFMS FRELs/FRLs National Strategy or Action Plan FRELs/FRLs WEB Platform INFORMATION HUB (including designated entities) BURs ANNEX Assessment NAT. COM. Technical Assessment FRLs/FRELs Most recent FRLs/FRELs In the ANNEX RESULT-BASE Payments

Support to REDD+ 1/CP.16, p2 (CB and TA to improve, data collection, estimation) p78 (invites organizations / stakehol. to support the 4 elements) p76 (Parties support) 4/CP.15 p5 1/CP.16 p73, p76, Annex1 10/CP.1910/CP.19 p3 (needs and functions of designated entities), p1 (designation of entities) 13/CP.1913/CP.19 p6 (development and assessment RLs) 14/CP.1914/CP.19 p14d (CB needs in the BURs annex) Capacity building and technical assistance 4/CP.15 (secretariat to enhance coordination of the CB IPCC GL) 1/CP.16 (Parties to coordinate when supporting the 4 elements of CA) 1/CP.18 p29c, p34 (need and ways improve the coordination of results- based finance?) 9/CP.199/CP.19 several references to coordination RB finance (p6,7), SC on Finance forum (p20) 10/CP.1910/CP.19 p1 (full implementation, including other approach) p3 (functions of Entities related to coordination of support) p9 (COP23 consider if alternative governance for coordination of support is needed) Coordination of support and RB finance 1/CP.16 p73 ( phases - results-based demonstration activities, and evolving into results-based actions) p77 (LCA to explore finance RB) 2/CP.17 p64 (RB to be MRV) p65 (variety of sources, additional. Predictable) p66,67 (markets and non markets ref) p68 (encourage financial org) 1/CP.18 (work programme on results base finance) 9/CP.199/CP.19 (some means and institutions identified, inlc. GCF, information Hub, Standing Committee on Finance to explore) Result base payments for results of the implementation of activities

REDD+ / UNFCCC 12/CP.17 13/CP.19 + Annex 4/CP.15 11/CP.19 1/CP.16 15/CP.19 12/CP.17 12/CP.19 Enhanc Conservation SFM Def & Deg 5 ACTIVITIES 4 ELEMENTS 1/CP.16 RESULTS (tCO 2 eq) Safeguards (1/CP.16) Principles (1/CP.16) Phases (1/CP.16) CB/TT Provision resources MRV (14/CP.19) Finance (2/CP.17,1/CP.18) Information Hub/Means (9/CP.19) Coordination of support (10/CP.19) MRV (14/CP.19)

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