수학 모든 자연 법칙은 크기 사이의 관계 (Correlation) 를 나타냄 (Functional Relationship) y = f(x) x, y : quantity, Analytic Method Dependency of y on x Implicit Function F(x,

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Presentation transcript:

수학 모든 자연 법칙은 크기 사이의 관계 (Correlation) 를 나타냄 (Functional Relationship) y = f(x) x, y : quantity, Analytic Method Dependency of y on x Implicit Function F(x, y, … ) = 0 크기의 특성은 측정될 수 있다는 것. 즉, 측정 단위 (the Unit of Measurement) 와 비교 가능, 비교의 과정은 크기의 성질 ( 길이, 무게 부피, 온도,…) 에 따라 달라지나 일반적으로 측정이라 함. 측정의 결과는 측정단위와의 비율로 추상화된 숫자 (Abstract Number) Magnitude : Constant or Variable 크기와 측정 ( Magnitude & Measurement)

Examples of Vector Quantities

Vector Vector : 2 차원, 3 차원 공간에서 운동을 설명할 때 편리 기하학적 의미 : 크기와 공간에서의 방향을 가진 물리 량 ( 예 : 속도, 힘, 고정된 원점에 관한 위치 ) ( 참고 ) Scalar : 크기만 가진 보통 수 (+, -) 위치와 상관없이 같은 크기, 같은 방향의 벡터는 서로 같다 (Free) A cA Scalar c 와 Vector A 와의 product cA 는 크기가 c 배인 벡터로 c >0 이면 A 벡터와 같은 방향 c < 0 A 벡터와 반대 방향으로 정의

Scalar Multiple of a Vector Parallel : Nonzero scalar multiple of each other (if & only if)

Sum of Vectors

Difference of Vectors

Vectors in a Coordinate Plane Position Vector Analytic Geometry : Connect Algebra & Geometry

Vector is Position Free

Sum & Difference of Position Vectors

Definition a = (a1, a2), b = (b1, b2) 1)Addition a + b = (a1+b1, a2+b2) 2)Scalar Multiplication ka = (ka1, ka2) 3)Equality a = b if & only if a1 = b1, a2 = b2

Properties of Vectors 1.a + b = b + a (Commutative Law) 2.a + (b + c ) = (a + b) + c (Associative Law) 3.a + 0 = a (Additive Identity) 4.a + (-a) = 0 (Additive Inverse) 5.k(a+b) = ka + kb k : scalar 6.(k1 + k2)a = k1a + k2a 7.k1(k2a) = (k1k2)a 8.1a = a 9.0a = 0 (Zero Vector)

Magnitude(Length, Norm) of Vectors a(a 1, a 2 ) Unit Vector u = (1/||a||)a u

i, j : Basis of R 2 a(a1, a2) = a1i + a2j a1 : Horizontal Component a2 : Vertical Component

Figure Vectors in 2-Space

Cartesian Coordinates

Position Vector

Vector Addition

i, j, k : Basis of R 3 a(a1, a2, a3) = a1i + a2j + a3k

Definition a = (a1, a2, a3), b = (b1, b2,b3) 1)Addition a + b = (a1+b1, a2+b2, a3+b3) 2)Scalar Multiplication ka = (ka1, ka2, ka3) 3)Equality a = b if & only if a1 = b1, a2 = b2, a3=b3 4)Negative -b = (-b1,-b2,-b3) 5)Subtraction a-b = a + (-b) = (a1-b1, a2-b2, a3-b3) 6)Zero Vector 0 =(0,0,0) 7)Magnitude

Figure Vectors in 3-Space