Angiography Introduction Angiography Introduction

Definition Definition: Radiographic examination of the heart and blood vessels after injection of contrast media.

Anatomy and Physiology Division or components of the circulatory system :- 1- Cardio-vascular system ( heart, blood and blood vessels ). The cardiovascular, or blood circulation, division may further be divided into cardio ( circulation within the heart ) and vascular (blood vessels ) components. The vascular or vessel components is divided into the pulmonary ( heart to lungs and back ) and the general, or systemic system ( throughout the body ). 2- Lymphatic system ( lymph, lymphatic vessels and lymphatic nodes ).

Cardio-vascular system THE HEART :- The major organ, functions as a pump to maintain circulation of blood throughout the body. Anatomically lies within the mediastinum and rests on the diaphragm, it divided into four chambers :- 1- The right atrium 2- The right ventricle 3- The left atrium 4- The left ventricle Superior and inferior Venae cavae ( veins) carries deoxygenated blood from all body parts to the right atrium,then to the right ventricle through tricuspid valve ( when right atrium contract ) it pumps it through pulmonary valve to left pulmonary arteries ( only the arteries in the body which carries deoxygenated blood ).

Oxygenated blood from the lungs returns to the left atrium through pulmonary veins ( only the veins in the body which carries oxygenated blood ), then through mitral valve to the left ventricle ( when left atrium contract ) Vascular components :- Network of blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the tissues and back.

Cerebral Arteries :- 1- Right common carotid artery 2- Right vertebral artery(Anterior). 3- Left common carotid artery 4- Left vertebral artery (Posterior ). Radiographic examination of the neck vessels and entire brain circulation is referred to as a ( four- vessels angiogram) Branches of aortic arch :- 1- Brachiocephalic artery 2- Left subclavian artery 3- Left common carotid artery

Systemic circulation Arteries :- Transport oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues ( large when exit heart then becoming smaller when devised away from it ) and the smaller arteries is called arterioles the known as capillaries within the tissues. Veins :- Transporting deoxygenated blood from the tissues to the heart. ( From venous capillaries to veins and become larger near the heart ).

Pulmonary circulation From the heart to the lungs and then return back – Pulmonary artery carry deoxygenated blood and Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood. Superior and inferior venae cavae (singular vena cava ) empty blood in right atrium– right ventricle pump the blood through Pulmonary artery to the lung. The oxygenated blood then returns to the heart through pulmonary veins to the left atrium.

Function of Cardio-vascular system 1- Transportation of oxygen, nutrients, hormones and chemicals necessary for normal body activity. 2- Removal of waste products through the kidneys and lungs. 3- Defense and maintenance of body temperature and water and electrolyte balance, these functions are performed by the following blood components : red blood cells, white blood cells and platelet, suspended in plasma.