Mass Democracy and Popular Politics

Democratic Trends of the early 19 th century

Voter Turnout

1.White male suffrage increased 2.Party nominating committees. 3.Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors. 4.Spoils system. 5.Rise of Third Parties. 6.Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.) 7.Two-party system returned in the 1832 election: Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs (1832)  Republicans (1854) Democrats (1828 ) How was the country becoming more democratic?

Jackson: King Andrew the 1 st or President of the Common Man To what extent did the election of Andrew Jackson mark the beginning of a new age in American political history. " Andrew Jackson, I am given to understand, was a patriot and a traitor. He was one of the greatest of generals, and wholly ignorant of the art of war... He was the most candid of men, and was capable of the profoundest dissimulation... A democratic autocrat. An urbane savage. An atrocious saint." —James Parton, biographer, 1859

How did the Election of 1824 lead to the rise of Jackson as a champion for the common man?: The Corrupt Bargain: Election of 1824 Candidate Party Electoral Vote Popular Vote Presidential John Quincy Adams (MA) Democ ratic- Republ ican ,696 Henry Clay (KY) "37 47,136 Andrew Jackson (TN) "99 152,933 William H. Crawford (GA) "41 46,979 Twelfth Amendment Issues: Clay’s influence as Speaker of the House Jackson was against the Bank of the United States 1 st election were the popular vote was recorded

What does the Cartoon tell us about Andrew Jackson’s presidency?

How does the photo give us insight to the actions of Jackson’s Presidency?

States Rights or Federal Supremacy

What contributed to the rise of Jackson in 1828? Democratic reform; –In voting –In nominating –Parties –In campaigning Mass Democracy

1.He personified the new West: 2.Military history 3.judge and a congressman in Tennessee 4.He was tough (old hickory) 5.He was anti-federalist, but always put the Union before the individual power of the States 6.Jackson commanded fear and respect from his subordinates 7.used the veto 12 times Why did the people embrace Andrew Jackson?

Election results in 1828 The New “Jackson Coalition ” The Planter Elite in the SouthThe Planter Elite in the South People on the FrontierPeople on the Frontier State Politicians State Politicians – spoils system– spoils system Immigrants in the cities.Immigrants in the cities.

Jackson and the Common Man Intense distrust of Eastern “ establishment, ” monopolies, & special privilege. His heart & soul was with the “plain folk.” Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements Why does Jackson have faith in the Common Man? “It is to be regretted that the rich and powerful too often bend the acts of government to their own selfish purposes” “The planter, the farmer, the mechanic, and the laborer... form the great body of the people of the United States, they are the bone and sinew of the country men who love liberty and desire nothing but equal rights and equal laws.” “The people are the government, administering it by their agents; they are the government, the sovereign power.”

Summary for Today “Andrew Jackson’s election in 1828 was the consequence of the rise of democracy rather than the start of a new democratic age.” Evaluate this statement.

Jackson’s Presidency To what extent did Jackson adhere to the ideas and beliefs of the Jacksonian Democrats during his presidency?

The Tariff Issue > “Tariff of Abomination” > new tariff South Carolina’s reaction? Jackson’s response? Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff?

The Webster-Hayne Debate Sen. Daniel Webster [MA] Sen. Robert Hayne [SC] NulificationNulification crisiscrisis

Webster: Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Jackson: Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. Calhoun: The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

Indian Removal 3 Jackson ’ s Goal?  Indian Removal Act 3 Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) * “ domestic dependent nation ” 3 Worcester v. GA (1832) 3 Jackson: “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!”

Indian Removal

The Trail of Tears

Why was Jackson against the Bank of the United States? The Bank allowed for the Rich to get Richer The Western Farmers were against the BUS because it didn ’ t print soft money allowing for inflation Jackson saw the BUS with in a conspiracy in order to keep the common man down

Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S “ Soft ” (paper) $ “ Hard ” (specie) $ 1.state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely. 2.supported rapid economic growth & speculation. 1.felt that coin was the only safe currency. 2.didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes. 3.suspicious of expansion & speculation.

What Happen??? “pet banks”? 1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd National Bank of the United States  the charter expired  the bank went bankrupt!