US I Honors

Essential Question: Champion of the “Common Man”? “King” Andrew? OR

Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

Voter Turnout:

Why Increased Democratization? 3 White male suffrage increased (no more property requirements) 3 Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors (takes power away from the states). 3 Spoils system-Vote to gain a job in government 3 Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.) 3 Two-party system returned in the 1832 election:  Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs (1832)  Republicans (1854)  Democrats (1828)

Democrats (Jackson) Favored local rule, limited government, free trade, equal economic opportunity Oppose monopolies, the national bank, high tariffs, and high land prices Their support comes mainly from southerners, westerners, small farmers and urban workers

National Republicans (Whigs-Clay) »Favored Clay’s American System »Their support mainly comes from New England, the Mid-Atlantic, Middle Western states, Protestants of Old English stock and Middle class urban professionals

Jackson ’ s First Hermitage Residence

First Known Painting of Jackson, 1815

General Jackson During the Seminole Wars

The “ Common Man ’ s ” Presidential Candidate

Jackson ’ s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay [KY] John Quincy Adams [MA] John C. Calhoun [SC] William H. Crawford [GA]

Results of the 1824 Election A “ Corrupt Bargain? ”

Rachel Jackson Final Divorce Decree

Jackson in Mourning for His Wife

1828 Election Results

The Center of Population in the Country Moves WEST

The New “ Jackson Coalition ” 3 The Planter Elite in the South 3 People on the Frontier 3 State Politicians – spoils system 3 Immigrants in the cities.

Jackson ’ s Faith in the “ Common Man ” 3I3I3I3Intense distrust of Eastern “establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege. 3H3H3H3His heart & soul was with the “plain folk.” 3B3B3B3Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

The Reign of “ King Mob ”

Andrew Jackson as President

History Channel Video clip

The “ Peggy Eaton Affair ”

The Webster-Hayne Debate Sen. Daniel Webster [MA] Sen. Robert Hayne [SC]

Webster: Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Jackson: Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. Calhoun: The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

1832 Tariff Conflict > “Tariff of Abomination” > new tariff 3 South Carolina’s reaction? 3 Jackson’s response? 3 Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff?

Indian Removal 3 Jackson’s Goal?  Indian Removal Act 3 Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) * “domestic dependent nation” 3 Worcester v. GA (1832) 3 Jackson: John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!

The Cherokee Nation After 1820

Indian Removal

Trail of Tears ( )

Jackson ’ s Professed “ Love ” for Native Americans

Jackson ’ s Use of Federal Power VETO 1830  Maysville Road project in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay]

The National Bank Debate Nicholas Biddle President Jackson

Opposition to the 2 nd B.U.S. “Soft” (paper) $ “Hard” (specie) $ 3s3s3s3state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely. 3s3s3s3supported rapid economic growth & speculation. 3f3f3f3felt that coin was the only safe currency. 3d3d3d3didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes. 3s3s3s3suspicious of expansion & speculation.

The “ Monster ” Is Destroyed! 3 “pet banks”?  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2 nd National Bank of the United States  the charter expired  the bank went bankrupt!

The Downfall of “ Mother Bank ”

An 1832 Cartoon: “ King Andrew ” ? An 1832 Cartoon: “ King Andrew ” ?

1832 Election Results Main Issue?

The Specie Circular (1836) 3 “wildcat banks.” 3 buy future federal land only with gold or silver. 3 Jackson’s goal?

Results of the Specie Circular $Banknotes loose their value. $Land sales plummeted. $Credit not available. $Businesses began to fail. $Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837! The Panic of 1837!

The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren “Old Kinderhook” [O. K.]

Democrats FOR Favored local rule, limited government, free trade, equal economic opportunity (White males) Base of support: Southerners, westerners, small farmers, urban workers AGAINST Monopolies, a national bank, high tariffs, high land prices.

Whigs (National Republicans) Clay FOR Clay’s American System (BUS, Internal Improvements, protective tariff) Base of support: New Englanders and residents of the mid-Atlantic and upper-Middle- Western states; AGAINST Immorality, vice and crime, which some blamed on the immigrants Protestants of old English stock; middle class urban professionals

The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!

Andrew Jackson in Retirement

Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844 (one year before his death)