Electrostatics. Electric Charge The source of negative charge is the electron The source of positive charge is the proton The smallest possible amount.

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Presentation transcript:

Electrostatics

Electric Charge The source of negative charge is the electron The source of positive charge is the proton The smallest possible amount of charge, the elementary charge, is 1.6 x Coulombs Electron charge = x C Proton charge = x C – All other amounts of charge are multiples of these Electric Charge is a conserved quantity

What is an Electric Field? One charged object can influence another charged object without any direct contact. We say a charged object is surrounded by an electric field, a region of influence. Any other charged object in that space will interact with that field and experience an electrical force.

Electric Field Strength The electric field strength at a given location is defined as the amount of force per unit of charge at that location. E = F / q (units of E: N/C) This is analogous to the way we described gravitational field strength earlier in the year: g = F g /m

Field around a positive charge A positive charge placed in this field will feel a force directed away from the source of the field…repulsion A negative charge placed in this field will feel a force directed towards the source of the field…attraction

Field around a negative charge A positive charge placed in this field will feel a force directed toward the source of the field…attraction A negative charge placed in this field will feel a force directed away from the source of the field…repulsion

Field around two opposite charges (same amount) Any charge placed in the field will feel a force in a direction tangent to the field lines

Field around two like charges (same amount)

Electric Field Lines When drawing, or interpreting, electric field lines keep in mind the following… – Filed lines originate at + charge or infinity – Field lines terminate at – charge or infinity – Filed lines are always perpendicular to the surface of a charged object – Line density is an indicator of field strength – The number of lines leaving a + and terminating at a – is proportional to the magnitude of charge – Field lines NEVER cross each other (Why?)

Electric Force – how strong is it?

Determine the electrostatic force on the electron in a hydrogen atom from the proton in the nucleus Q 1 = Q 2 = r = For comparison purposes, determine the gravitational force between them as well…