Period Key Concept 4.1: The United States began to develop a modern democracy and celebrated a new national culture, while Americans sought to define the nation’s democratic ideals and change their society and institutions to match them. Key Concept 4.2: Innovations in technology, agriculture, and commerce powerfully accelerated the American economy, precipitating profound changes to U.S. society and to national and regional identities. Key Concept 4.3: The U.S. interest in increasing foreign trade and expanding its national borders shaped the nation’s foreign policy and spurred government and private initiatives.

The Early Years Learning A lot! Thomas Jefferson- Elected in 1800 Democratic- Republican Known as the “Bloodless Revolution”- 1 st transition between political parties Secured westward expansion Louisiana Purchase Lewis and Clark Trade is important Embargo Act—1807 to 1809 & Non-intercourse Act (1809) Aimed to punish England & France for continued impressment Impacted N. England trade/South/West unsold cotton, tobacco and grain Threw country into depression due to decrease of imports & exports/ Led to smuggling We defended out liberty and property (again) Barbary Wars under Jefferson War of 1812 under James Madison War of 1812 Continued impressment, foreign conflicts, violating our liberty and property Resulted in claims to Oregon Territory/Florida & death of the Federalists party (Hartford convention) Rise of Nationalism Winning wars, Expanding West, “The Era of Good Feelings”, Star Spangled Banner

ANDREW JACKSON 7 th President of the United States Democrat

By the mid-late 1820s Democratic-Republicans split into: Pro Jackson Democrats Opposed the Bank of the US (“moneyed monster”) Anti-aristocracy Universal White Manhood suffrage Championed “Common Man”, sympathetic to farmers Supremacy of the Union Anti- Jackson Republicans  Whigs ( s) Led by Henry Clay (Basically, anyone that opposed Jackson was a Whig) Supported supremacy of Congress over the President Favored modernization of infrastructure and economic protection(canals, roads, protective tariffs Bank US) Moneyed interest- banks, trade, commercial growth Opposed to states rights Supported Social Reform

INDIAN POLICY/REMOVAL By 1830, Indian tribes living east of Miss. River surrounded by white settlements Indian Removal Act 1830 Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw and Seminoles Cherokee attempt to resist forced movement through courts “Trail of Tears” 18,000 Cherokees forcibly moved to Indian Territory 4,000 die during removal

The Nullification crisis and “The South Carolina Exposition” Rejected “tariff of abominations” as unjust and unconstitutional States should nullify tariff Threatens secession Tariff of Abominations 1828 (23%-> 37%) congress approves protective tariff at expense on south Jackson approves lower more moderate tariff

Legacy Common Man or King Andrew? POSITIVES Demonstrated value of strong exec. leadership Common Man and universal white manhood suffrage Established Democratic Party Destroyed “Moneyed Monster” (Bank) NEGATIVES Destruction of bank resulted in economic panic Defied authority of Supreme Court Nullification crisis added to sectionalism

The Missouri Compromise 1820 Effort to preserve balance of Southern/Northern states in Senate Maine would enter as a free state, Missouri as a slave state. Drew a line along the line - Territories south would be slave, north free.

Soo… were good right? Objected by many southerners- established principal Congress could interfere with slavery Objected by Northerners bc it means Congress acquiesced to the institution of slavery Thomas Jefferson- “A firebell in the night” letter to friend John Holmes

The Monroe Doctrine-1823 Issue by Pres. James Monroe -Continued policy of isolationism while seeking influence and control of Western Hemisphere -helped gain access to resources and encourage foreign trade -Set tone for future expansion and foreign policy 1. American continents shouldn’t be colonized by Europe anymore 2. European nations are naturally different then us in the W. Hemisphere (Monarchs v. Democracies) 3. Any European attempt to colonize anyone in the Western Hemisphere, will be like attacking the US itself 4. The U.S. will stay out of European affairs