World War II

Recap Japan, Italy, and Germany had formed an alliance called THE AXIS POWERS Britain and France declared war on Germany after it invaded Poland in 1939 Up until this point, the League of Nations was standing by Russia had a treaty with Germany promising no aggression toward each other

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Germany and Soviet Union (S.U.) In Hitler’s agreement with the Soviet Union (Stalin), they agreed to split up Eastern Europe By 1940, S.U. had conquered Finland & Eastern Poland Germany had conquered Western Europe including France using Blitzkrieg “Lightning War” (using a large # of bombings and heavy artillery)

Great Britain Led by Winston Churchill Many French troops fled to Britain after Hitler conquered France Hitler bombed Britain continually to prepare for an invasion. Britain fought back using the newly invented Radar and talented air force They also broke the German communication codes Hitler put off invading Britain and turned his attention to the rest of Europe

Africa Germany joined Italy in North Africa They conquered all of North Africa

Hitler Invades Soviet Union S. Union had the largest Army in the world, but it was ill-equipped Germany pushed far into the S. Union They got to Moscow However, the harsh winter and constant fighting from Soviets pushed Germany back

The United States President Franklin Roosevelt allowed the U.S. Navy to fire upon Germans while shipping supplies to Britain. In 1941, Roosevelt met with Churchill and signed the Atlantic Charter, which supported free trade and right of people to form their own national government

Pearl Harbor After attacking China, Japan set their eyes on the U.S. On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the Naval base of Pearl Harbor in Hawaii In 2 hours, Japan destroyed a major part of the US fleet The next day, the U.S. declared war on Japan

Japan After Pearl Harbor, Japan took control of South East Asia They also went after Australia, but were unsuccessful The U.S. started bombing Tokyo in 1942 The U.S. started taking back South East Asia after winning the battle of Midway

Holocaust Hitler sent troops around to shoot large #s of Jews He imprisoned large #s in Concentration Camps where millions died of starvation and disease He also had cruel experiments done on many He also formed Death Camps where he used poison gas in large chambers to kill millions 6 million were killed, and in the end fewer than 4 million survived

Recap of the players Benito Mussolini ( ) – Fascist dictator of Italy during World War II Adolf Hitler ( ) – Nazi dictator of Germany during World War II Hideki Tojo ( ) – Prime Minister of Japan Joseph Stalin ( ) – Communist dictator of the Soviet Union Franklin Roosevelt ( ) – President of the United States Winston Churchill ( ) – Prime Minister of the Great Britian

Allied Victories By 1943, Germany was forced out of Africa Parts of Italy were taken as well and Mussolini surrendered S. Union pushed the Germans further back

Japanese Americans America began to distrust people of Japanese heritage The Government imprisoned thousands of Japanese Americans in camps along the west coast until the end of the war

Taking back France In 1944, the Allies launched D-day with 176,000 troops crossing the English Channel and landing on the beach of Normandy in France amid hard German forces. They were successful and eventually took back France

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Hitler Cornered S. Union forced back Germany even further Germans also were forced back from the west In 1944, Germany made one final push but was unsuccessful April 1945, Soviets surrounded Hitler at his headquarters in Berlin Hitler committed suicide (shot himself), and a week later Germany surrendered

Truman takes over President Roosevelt died weeks before the surrender. Harry Truman, his VP, became president

Defeating Japan Allies had pushed Japan back to its own country They feared an invasion would cost ½ million more lives Truman ordered the experimental Atomic Bomb to be dropped August 1945, Hiroshima was bombed then Nagasaki 3 days later Tens of thousands died instantly, Japan surrendered in September 1945

Aftermath In Europe, 40 million died and 100s of cities were destroyed Many Nazis were convicted of crimes against humanity and executed Japan was occupied by the U.S. General MacArthur. He disbanded the army and helped Japan write a Constitution By 1951, Japan was at peace with the world the U.S. left, and Japan had a democracy

Future problems S. Union and the Allies divided up control of Europe Due to this, Communism would argue with capitalism For years to come, relations between the west and S. Union would be tense

Technological Advances  Jet fighters and bombers: improved and increased bombing raids  Aircraft carriers: Warships of deploying and recovering aircraft; acted as floating airbases  Amphibious vehicles: Tanks, trucks, and landing crafts used when landing on beaches  Tanks: Improved since World War I with strong firepower and armor  Ballistic missiles (V-1 flying bombs): guided warheads  Helicopters

 Radar: use of electromagnetic waves to detect objects like airplanes and ships that improves communication and espionage  Sonar: use of sound propagation to detect underwater submarines  Atomic bomb: Manhattan Project developed nuclear fission warheads dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that accelerated the end of World War II  Non-military technology: synthetic rubber and penicillin