W HAT IS P SYCHOLOGY ? P SYCHOLOGY F ACT OR F ICTION ?

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Presentation transcript:

W HAT IS P SYCHOLOGY ?

P SYCHOLOGY F ACT OR F ICTION ?

1. Actions speak louder than words. 2. Beauty is only skin deep. 3. Cry and you cry alone. 4. Marry in haste, repent at leisure. 5. Familiarity breeds contempt. 6. Opposites attract. 7. Misery loves company. 8. Spare the rod, spoil the child. 9. The squeaky wheel gets the grease. 10. Birds of a feather flock together. 11. Police often use psychics to help solve crimes. 12. Similarity is the best predictor of long-term relationships. 13. In general, we only use about 10% of our brain. 14. Most brain activity stops during sleep. 15. Knowledge is power.

W HAT IS P SYCHOLOGY ? What is psychology? The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Psychology focuses on critical thinking and is scientific.

P SYCHOLOGY ’ S F OUR G OALS 1.Description: tells “what” occurred 2.Explanation: tells “why” a behavior or mental process occurred 3.Prediction: identifies conditions under which a future behavior or mental process is likely to occur 4.Change: applies psychological knowledge to prevent unwanted behavior or to bring about desired goals

T HE S CIENCE OF P SYCHOLOGY Basic Research: conducted to advance scientific knowledge Applied Research: designed to solve practical problems

The Scientific Method

Four key research methods: 1.Experimental 2.Descriptive 3.Correlational 4.Biological T HE S CIENCE OF P SYCHOLOGY : R ESEARCH M ETHODS

T HE S CIENCE OF P SYCHOLOGY : F OUR K EY R ESEARCH M ETHODS

1. Experimental Research: carefully controlled scientific procedure that manipulates variables to determine cause and effect

T HE S CIENCE OF P SYCHOLOGY — T HE E XPERIMENT Key features of an experiment: Independent variable (factor that is manipulated) versus dependent variable (factor that is measured) Experimental group (receives treatment) versus control group (receives no treatment)

T HE S CIENCE OF P SYCHOLOGY —T HE E XPERIMENT Does a hostile birth environment lengthen of labor? Only an experiment can determine cause and effect.

T HE S CIENCE OF P SYCHOLOGY — D ESCRIPTIVE R ESEARCH 2.Descriptive Research: observes and records behavior without producing causal explanations

T HE S CIENCE OF P SYCHOLOGY —D ESCRIPTIVE R ESEARCH Three types of descriptive research: Naturalistic Observation (observation and recording of behavior in natural state or habitat) Survey (assessment of a sample or population) Case Study (in-depth study of a single participant)

T HE S CIENCE OF P SYCHOLOGY — C ORRELATIONAL R ESEARCH 3.Correlational Research: scientific study in which the researcher observes or measures (without directly manipulating) two or more variables to find relationships between them

T HE S CIENCE OF P SYCHOLOGY — C ORRELATIONAL R ESEARCH Positive Correlation: two variables move (or vary) in the same direction—either up or down

T HE S CIENCE OF P SYCHOLOGY — C ORRELATIONAL R ESEARCH Negative Correlation: two variables move (or vary) in the opposite direction—either up or down

T HE S CIENCE OF P SYCHOLOGY — C ORRELATIONAL R ESEARCH Zero Correlation: no relationship between two variables (when one variable increases, the other can increase, decrease, or stay the same)

T HE S CIENCE OF P SYCHOLOGY — C ORRELATIONAL R ESEARCH Can you see why correlation can never show cause and effect?

T HE S CIENCE OF P SYCHOLOGY — B IOLOGICAL R ESEARCH 4. Biological Research: scientific study of the brain and other parts of the nervous system

T HE S CIENCE OF P SYCHOLOGY  Potential problems:  Experimenter bias: researcher influences the research results in the expected direction  Ethnocentrism: believing one's culture is typical of all cultures  Sample bias: research participants are unrepresentative of the larger population  Participant bias: research participants are influenced by the researcher or experimental conditions

P SEUDOPSYCHOLOGIES Appear to be science but not Often because they cannot be tested according to the scientific method OR because its not real Examples: palmistry, psychometry, psychokinesis, astrology, psychics Psychic Medium

W HY DOES P SYCHOLOGY M ATTER FOR M IDWIVES ?

Give voice to those without one! Psychology can help describe, explain, predict, and change behaviors Learn to care for self and others (learn warning signs) Cultural considerations Connection between mind-body

1.higher rate of diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders in women 2.stresses of poverty 3.stresses of multiple roles 4.stresses of aging 5.violence against women 6.body image concerns W HY M IDWIVES ?

N EXT WEEK Do your readings! Submit first assignment “Thoughts on Psychology” Sign up for google + and get in the circle to introduce yourself to me