Christopher Marlowe & Sir Walter Raleigh

Christopher Marlowe Life and Style An Elizabethan Dramatist Scholarships to King’s school in Canterbury and Cambridge University Translated poems by Ovid – books were burned for being to erotic Became a spy A rebel – jailed after a someone died in a street fight. Accused of making scandalous, seditious, atheistic speeches. Arrested – killed in a bar fight before he was tried.

Christopher Marlowe Life and Style It is believed that he faked his death and wrote Shakespeare’s plays. Dramatic poems are all tragedies Characters have grandiose ideas and themes. Ambition can only be stopped by death.

“The Passionate Shepherd to His Love” And “The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd”

Getting Ready to Read (in your journals…) Carpe diem, “seize the day,” is a call to live life to the fullest right now: “Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die,” as the Roman poet Horace said. How do you embrace the carpe diem spirit? Writing 2.3: Exploring significance

Surveying the Text “The Passionate Shepherd…” This poem is a pastoral poem. What characteristic do pastoral poems have? How many lines are in the poem? How is the poem divided up? Is there a rhyme scheme of the poem? Reading 2.1 Analyze features of texts.

Making Predictions and Asking Questions What do you think the Shepherd will say to his love? **Remember that this a carpe diem poem and a pastoral poem** Reading 2.3 Verify facts

Introducing Vocabulary Highlight the following vocabulary words in the poem. Prove Madrigals Kirtle Swains Thou With a partner decide what you think the word means based on its context.

Introducing Key Vocabulary prove madrigals kirtle Swain thou (thee, thy) Dress, gown, or skirt experience Young boy Complicated songs for several voices you Word Analysis 1.1 & 1.2

First Reading

Rereading the Text In the right hand margin, summarize each stanza in one sentence. In the left hand margin, write your reaction to each stanza.

Analyzing Stylistic Choices TPCASTT Reread the first three stanzas. Mark any alliteration, connotative words, meter, rhyme, repetition. What is the main idea of the first three stanzas? What does the shepherd want? What does he offer? Reading Comprehension 2.2

Analyzing Stylistic Choices TPCASTT Reread the last three stanzas. Mark any alliteration, connotative words, meter, rhyme, repetition. What is the main idea of the last three stanzas? What does the shepherd want? What does he offer? Literary Analysis 3.3. Analyze how irony, tone, mood, style, and "sound" of language achieve specific aesthetic purposes.

Analyzing Stylistic Choices (cont’d) list the details that appeal to each of the senses. Hearing Sight Smell Touch shallow rivers gowns roses rocks

In pastoral writing, the harsh realities of country life do not exist In pastoral writing, the harsh realities of country life do not exist. Which details of the shepherd’s description seem distinctly idealistic? What realistic, gritty details of a shepherd’s life can you imagine?

Compare artist’s portrayal of mood with Marlowe’s expression of tone; also, note theme similarities.

Sir Walter Raleigh Considered the foremost poet of the Elizabethan era. Attended Oxford – did not finish Studied law – did not finish Captain of Irish army Knighted by Queen Elizabeth Granted 12,000 acres in New World Lost popularity when secretly married one of Queen’s maids Queen died – King James charged Raleigh with treason Locked in London Tower for 12 years Became free to bring gold of Spain to the King Beheaded when disobeyed orders in 1618. Joked with executioner and gave the signal for the axe. Introduced potatoes and tobacco to England

Sir Walter Raleigh Renaissance Man Brave Cultural grace Gentle man Well educated Understanding of arts/science – writer and poet Noble position

Sir Walter Raleigh Poetry Carefree Often made words up Poems are powerful, outspoken, blunt and full of courage

Surveying the Text “The Nymph’s Reply…” How many lines are in the poem? How is the poem divided up? Is there a rhyme scheme of the poem? Reading 2.1 Analyze features of texts.

Making Predictions and Asking Questions How do you think the Nymph will reply to the Shepherd? What counterarguments might she use? Draft a quick reply in your journal. Reading 2.3 Verify facts

Introducing Key Vocabulary fold Philomel wanton gall luxuriant Pen where sheep are kept A bitter substance The nightingale Word Analysis 1.1 & 1.2

First Reading

Vocabulary Note Nymph means “young woman,” but Raleigh was no doubt aware of its other meanings. The word nymph comes from the Greek word for “bride,” and in Greek and Roman mythology, a nymph was a nature spirit. How do these meanings apply to the poem? Word Analysis 1.1 & 1.2

Rereading the Text Reread the first four stanzas. Mark any alliteration, connotative words, meter, rhyme, repetition, antonyms. How does the nymph’s view of life differ from the shepherd’s? Reading Comprehension 2.2

Analyzing Stylistic Choices Paraphrase the fifth stanza. How does Raleigh satirize (poke fun of) the carpe diem theme? What is the tone of the nymph’s reply? Literary Analysis 3.3. Analyze how irony, tone, mood, style, and "sound" of language achieve specific aesthetic purposes.

Works Cited “Christopher Marlow.” 5 December 2005. TheaterHistory.com 3 December 2006. <http://www.theatrehistory.com/british/marlowe001.htm> Jarvis, Brian. “Rogues, Vagabonds, and Sturdy Beggars.” 1 December 2006. <http://www.shakespeareidentity.co.uk/christopher-marlow.htm> Marlow, Christopher.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 2006. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 15 December 2006. Probst, Robert E., ed. “Sir Walter Raleigh.” Elements of Literature: Sixth Course. New York, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston: 2000. 234.