Do Now - Day 1  Turn in your homework  You have 10 minutes to QUIETLY complete the Do Now handout entitled “Thumb Joint Activity” with a partner.  Turn in your homework  You have 10 minutes to QUIETLY complete the Do Now handout entitled “Thumb Joint Activity” with a partner.

Types of Joints Anatomy & Physiology Ms. Goldstein

I. Introduction to Joints  A joint is the place where two bones meet, or articulate.  Joints are classified into three groups based on their degree of movement.  The three types of joints are fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial.  A joint is the place where two bones meet, or articulate.  Joints are classified into three groups based on their degree of movement.  The three types of joints are fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial.

II. 3 types of Joints A.Synovial Joints  These are moveable joints that fit into six different categories:  Plane, saddle, hinge, pivot, ball-and-socket, & ellipsoidal  They are are made up of articular cartilage, a bursa and a synovial cavity.  They are also known as diarthroses A.Synovial Joints  These are moveable joints that fit into six different categories:  Plane, saddle, hinge, pivot, ball-and-socket, & ellipsoidal  They are are made up of articular cartilage, a bursa and a synovial cavity.  They are also known as diarthroses

B. Cartilaginous Joints Partially moveable joints with cartilage between their articular surfaces. An example of this would be the attachment of the ribs to the spine or the intervertebral disks

C. Fibrous Joints  Immovable joints connected by tough, fibrous tissue.  Found in the adult cranium where the bones have fused together to a joint which forms a heavy protective cover for the brain.  These joints are often called sutures and/or synathroses.  Immovable joints connected by tough, fibrous tissue.  Found in the adult cranium where the bones have fused together to a joint which forms a heavy protective cover for the brain.  These joints are often called sutures and/or synathroses.

Do Now - Day Two  Turn in your homework  On your table you will find an envelope  Using the chart you picked up on the way in, organize what you find inside the envelope into the necessary categories  First team to finish gets a prize!  Turn in your homework  On your table you will find an envelope  Using the chart you picked up on the way in, organize what you find inside the envelope into the necessary categories  First team to finish gets a prize!

A. Synovial Joints -When two moveable bones meet at a joint their surfaces do not touch each other. -The two ends of the bones are covered with a smooth, slippery cap of cartilage known as articular cartilage. This cartilage helps absorb shocks and prevent friction between bones. -When two moveable bones meet at a joint their surfaces do not touch each other. -The two ends of the bones are covered with a smooth, slippery cap of cartilage known as articular cartilage. This cartilage helps absorb shocks and prevent friction between bones.

Diseases of the Joints Osteoarthritis -degenerative joint disease that occurs with aging. -the articular cartilage breaks down which causes the bones to hit together and causes bone spurs -symptoms include swelling and pain Osteoarthritis -degenerative joint disease that occurs with aging. -the articular cartilage breaks down which causes the bones to hit together and causes bone spurs -symptoms include swelling and pain

A. Synovial Joints -The synovial cavity is the area between the joints and contains a membrane called the synovial membrane which secretes synovial fluid. -Synovial fluid is a lubricant which allows the joints to move more smoothly by reducing friction. -The synovial cavity is the area between the joints and contains a membrane called the synovial membrane which secretes synovial fluid. -Synovial fluid is a lubricant which allows the joints to move more smoothly by reducing friction.

A. Synovial Joints  Bursae are fluid-filled sacs outside of the joint which keep bones and tendons from rubbing against each other.

A. Synovial Joints  These types of joints are often held together by ligaments. A ligament is a tough band of connective tissue which attaches one bone to another.

Diseases of the Joints Rheumatoid arthritis  The immune system attacks the connective tissue leading to swelling and pain. Also leads to deformation and degeneration of the joints causing them to be immovable. Rheumatoid arthritis  The immune system attacks the connective tissue leading to swelling and pain. Also leads to deformation and degeneration of the joints causing them to be immovable.

A. Synovial Joints  There are six types of diarthroses or moveable joints: 1. Ball and socket-  Allow the greatest freedom of movement.  Our shoulders and hips have ball-and-socket joints.  There are six types of diarthroses or moveable joints: 1. Ball and socket-  Allow the greatest freedom of movement.  Our shoulders and hips have ball-and-socket joints.

2. Hinge joints  move in one direction (up and down, side to side).  Our knees, elbows and outer joints of the fingers have hinge joints. 2. Hinge joints  move in one direction (up and down, side to side).  Our knees, elbows and outer joints of the fingers have hinge joints.

3.Pivot joints  Allow rotation of certain joints  Examples include the radius and ulna in the arm and between the neck vertebrae which allows the head to rotate. 3.Pivot joints  Allow rotation of certain joints  Examples include the radius and ulna in the arm and between the neck vertebrae which allows the head to rotate. Herniated Disc Normal Vertebral Column

OSTEOPOROSIS -Bone mass decreases causing thinner bones that are more likely to fracture or break. -Results in crushing of vertebrae causing a person to get shorter. -Can be slowed down by getting enough calcium, cutting down on soda intake and exercising. -Bone mass decreases causing thinner bones that are more likely to fracture or break. -Results in crushing of vertebrae causing a person to get shorter. -Can be slowed down by getting enough calcium, cutting down on soda intake and exercising.

4.Plane joint-  Made up of flat surfaces which slide across each other  Examples include the vertebrae in the spine, wrist and ankle joints. 4.Plane joint-  Made up of flat surfaces which slide across each other  Examples include the vertebrae in the spine, wrist and ankle joints.

5. Saddle Joint  Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction are allowed; but no axial rotation.  Saddle joints are said to be biaxial, allowing movement in the sagittal and frontal planes.  Examples are the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb where the trapezium bone of the wrist joins the thumb. 5. Saddle Joint  Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction are allowed; but no axial rotation.  Saddle joints are said to be biaxial, allowing movement in the sagittal and frontal planes.  Examples are the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb where the trapezium bone of the wrist joins the thumb.