Jackson Northwest Little League First Aid Training/Safety/CPR Jeremy Curtis

The ONE-LINER Hit in the head? Looks or acts wrong? Call 911 Most everything else? Pressure to stop the bleeding, then R.I.C.E Use helmets (batter), mouthpieces (infield) – Pitchers should use helmets during practice

Safety Manual Please turn to pages 6-8

The ONE-PAGER 1. Be ready: – where’s your med kit, medical releases, emergency numbers? 2. Prevent the problem: – Inspect the field, warm-up the players, use helmets/mouthpieces/nets 3. Assess the problem: – Head or eye injury, LOC, Deformity, knocked out tooth, bee sting (allergic), does the player look and act normal? 4. Treat the problem: – Stop bleeding with pressure- RICE – A. hit below the head- RICE – B. Strain or sprain- RICE – C. Bleeding – gauze, apply pressure, bandage – D. Bloody nose- squeeze nostrils, ice – E. bee sting- remove stinger, ice, and possibly epi pen or 911 if allergic – F. Heat illness- shade, remove clothing, cold pack in pits or water on body

Most Common baseball injuries: strains, fractures! What Happens – Games: strains/sprains, fractures, contusions (bruises) – Fractures are more common, concussions less than other sports – Concussions not common but more in games than practice Where it happens? Home plate 24%, First base 20%, Second base 19%, Pitchers mound 18% When it happens? Games: 4 th inning 30%, third inning 20%, Practice: 1-2 hours into practice (41%)

Most Common Injuries, con’t. Who it happens to: – Games: base runner 23% pitcher 19% batter 16% Why – Fielding, not sliding, throwing, catching -Practice: Pitcher 27% Fielding 38% Why – Fielding, pitching

How to wrap an injured joint (wrist, ankle)

BE READY FOR A PROBLEM Got the med kit? – Look through it – know what’s in it Kids Medical Release forms – Keep with you at practices and games – Make sure you have emergency contact info – Know allergies (including stings and food) – Know medical conditions (especially diabetes and asthma)

Be Ready (con’t) Emergency Phone List – In your Safety Manual – Have it at Practices and Games – Jeremy Curtis (Safety Officer) Fill out incident form Call me as soon as you can after injury (within 24 hours, sooner preferred)

PREVENT THE PROBLEM The Field – Walk the field before games/practices (e.g. holes) – Check the weather (heat, lightening, etc.) – Pull damaged equipment (e.g. cracked helmets) Alert your level director The Players – Follow rules for safety – Warm up before games and practices (stretch after games) – Use proper form – Hydrate – Helmets for batters – Mouthpieces are a good recommendations

ASSESS THE PROBLEM Assess the injury (mild? Severe?) – Stop play – Get the First Aid Kit (have release forms and phone) – Keep other players away – Assess the problem: “what happened?” ABC (Airway, Breathing, Circulation), moving, deformity, alertness?? – Decide: Mild injury (treat)/Severe (call 911) – Contact parent and Safety Officer (incident form) – KNOW YOUR LIMITS: if you’re not comfortable, do not touch, do not move, call 911

Mild Injury (Treat with RICE) Hit below the head (contusion, bruise) - RICE Sprain (ligament), strain (muscle) - RICE Bleeding (laceration) – Put on gloves press clean gauze pad on wound – pressure to stop bleeding Bloody nose – squeeze and ice Bee sting (not allergic) tweezers or credit card to remove stinger - ice

Severe Injury (CALL 911) Head injury (assess for concussion) Deformity (dislocation, fracture) – splint? Eye injury (leave object in, cover) Loss of consciousness (watch for vomiting) Bee sting (allergic) – epi pen Teeth (rinse, keep wet, see dentist <1hour) Heat illness – shade, lay on back, remove/loosen clothing, cold pack in pits…

RICE Rest: avoid using the inured part Ice: for 20 min every hour (reduces swelling) Compression: entire limb (not too tight) Elevation: raise limb higher than heart (reduces swelling If they can not tighten the muscle or the limb is deformed, it is more serious – CALL 911

Bleeding Prevention – players should not wear jewelry Treatment – Put on gloves – Flush with water to clean – Press gauze pad on wound to stop bleeding – Bandage – If deep (can’t pinch close or bleeding won’t stop) call 911 – Bloody equipment – disinfect with 10% bleach/90% water for at least 30 seconds

Bloody Nose Squeeze the fleshy part of the nose – Up to five minutes Ice on the bridge of the nose – Reduces swelling – Promotes clotting Tilting head back does NOT help – blood just runs down the throat

Eye injury, teeth, bee sting Eye injury – If any vision problems, bulging, unequal pupils, blood in eye – CALL 911 – If something is stuck in the eye Do not remove Close eyes, ice, cover both eyes with eye shield and tape Teeth – Use pressure for bleeding – If tooth is out, handle from white part (not root) rinse, keep wet, see dentist in <1hr Bee sting – Allergic (wheezing, large rash, hard to swallow) – Epi Pen – call 911 – Not allergic – scrape out stinger and then ice

Heat related injuries Prevention – Hydrate – have parents/players bring own drink (not pop) – Frequent breaks in practice – Encourage hydration when in the dugout during games – Hot days – both teams should break after every 3 innings

Heat Exhaustion Signs/symptoms: – Confusion – Dark-colored urine (a sign of dehydration) – Dizziness – Fatigue – Headache – Muscle cramps – Nausea – Pale skin – Profuse sweating – Rapid heart beat Treatment: – Shade – Lay down – Drink fluids (no caffeine) water is best – Loosen/remove clothing – Ice packs

Heat Stroke Medical Emergency – call 911 Signs/Symptoms – Heat exhaustion can lead to Heat Stroke if not treated – True Definition is core body temperature of >105 degrees with CNS symptoms Treatment – Call 911 – Use heat exhaustion techniques until paramedics arrive If unconscious- do not try to force fluids via mouth

Head Injury/Concussion All volunteers must complete NFSW competency and print verification Concussion considered TBI – caused by blow to the head or other body part that causes the brain to shake inside the skull Loss of consciousness – call 911 If no loss of consciousness: – Rest for at least 15 minutes (even if they feel fine) – Effects can be delayed – Concussion – not acting right, headache >15 minutes, vomiting, unequal pupils, imbalance – seek medical treatment – Player with concussion CAN NOT return to activity until cleared by medical professional

COMMOTIO CORDIS (agitation of the heart) Rare (224 cases since 1995) – Causes death in 65% of incidences – 95% are male 10 – 18 yo – Hit in the center of the chest with ball – Disrupts heart rhythm (T wave) – Chest protector does not prevent Treat: – 911 CPR Prevent: – Teach kids to turn away from errant pitches

CPR C – A – B (circulation, airway, breathing Check for a pulse Send bystander to call 911 Hard and fast compressions in the middle of the chest ( HANDS ONLY CPR ) Rate of about 100 compressions/minute Depth 1 inch deep for most kids – bigger kids 1 ½ inch (2 inches if they are adult size)

CONCLUSION Be Ready Prevent the Problem Assess the Problem Treat the Problem – Know your limits – Contact parents ASAP – Contact Safety Officer – Complete incident report Complete Concussion training