Unit 13 The Chemistry of Life. Lecture Outline -Chemistry review (atoms) -Components of a living cell (molecular level) -Carbon (what is so special?)

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 13 The Chemistry of Life

Lecture Outline -Chemistry review (atoms) -Components of a living cell (molecular level) -Carbon (what is so special?) -Water (what is so special?) -Cellular reactions -Macromolecule introduction

Chemistry Review __________ are neutral particles of an atom __________ are __________ charged particles of the atom; these ______ to other atoms __________ are positively charged particles of the atom

Element A substance that cannot be broken down any further Periodic table of elements (Ex: hydrogen) Compound Composed of two or more different elements joined together (Ex: H 2 O) Ionic Bond A bond formed when one or more electrons are lost from one atom to another (Ex: NaCl - ) Covalent Bond Forms when electrons are shared between atoms (Ex:CO 2 ) Chemistry Review

Chemistry in the Cell A living cell is composed of a select group of elements, mainly: Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur Biomolecules (all living things have these) Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Combine to make up Major Elements

Carbon Is the Most Important Element in a Cell- Why? It has: Four bonding electrons Small size So it can: Join in rings Join in chains To make: Large/complex molecules (Bio-Molecules)

Flipper Questions

A living cell is mainly composed of all the following elements except: a.Potassium b.Phosphorus c.Oxygen d.Hydrogen

Which of the following represents a compound? a.H b.O c.C 6 H 12 O 6 d.O 2

Organize from smallest to largest: a.Compound  atom  Element  biomolecule b.Element  compound  biomolecule c.Element  atom  compound  biomolecule d.Biomolecule  compound  element

Which of the following if NOT true of biomolecules a.All living things have them b.They are larger than most elements c.Lipids are included in this category d.They are smaller than most elements

Biomolecules: -Carbohydrates (sugars) -Lipids (fats) -Proteins -Nucleic acids

Biomolecule Formation Each goes from monomer to a polymer Separated Sub-Units; Each is a molecule Connected Sub-Units; Make up biomolecules All occurs through water and its amazing surface tension- water can form droplets!

Dehydration Synthesis Hydrolysis -Building up the molecule -Breaking apart molecule -Remove water -Add water Biomolecule Formation -H 2 O +H 2 O

Biomolecule Formation

Importance of Water Breaks down biomolecules Builds up biomolecules Has surface tension

Proteins Can be Hormones Enzymes Neurotransmitters Etc.

Protein Structure

Protein Big Idea Amino acid sequence determines shape Shape determines function

Enzymes Speed up chemical reactions without being consumed or using energy Amylase: breaks down sugar Protease: breaks down protein Lipase: breaks down lipids

Enzyme Process

Factors that Affect Enzymes pH Temperature Amount of substrate Video Conclusion:

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