Trapezius Origin: medial third of superior nuchal line; EOP; ligamentum nuchae, T1-T12 spinous process Insertion: spine of scapula; acromion; lateral third of clavicle Action: elevate and retract pectoral girdle; superioly rotate scapula Innervation: Accessory Nerve

Latissimus Dorsi Origin: T7-L5 spinous process; thoracolumbar fascia; dorsal sacrum; iliac crest Insertion: floor of intertubercular groove Action: extend, adduct, medially rotate humerus Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve

Levator Scapulae Origin: C1-C2 transverse process; C3-C4 posterior tubercles Insertion: superior angle of scapula Action: elevate, protract pectoral girdle; inferiorly rotate scapula Innervation: C3-C4 ventral rami and dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboid Major Origin: T2-T5 spinous process Insertion: medial border of scapula Action: retract, elevate pectoral girdle; inferiorly rotate scapula Innervation: dorsal scapula nerve

Rhomboid Minor Origin: C7-T1 spinous process Insertion: medial border of scapula; superior to R. Major Action: retract, elevate pectoral girdle; inferiorly rotate scapula Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve

Serratus Posterior Superior Origin: C7-T3 spinous process Insertion: superior border of ribs 2-5 Action: weakly elevate ribs 2-5 Innervation: ventral rami T2-5

Serratus Posterior Inferior Origin: T11-L3 spinous process Insertion: inferior border of ribs 9-12 Action: weakly depress ribs 9-12 Innervation: ventral rami T9-12

Teres Major Origin: posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular groove Action: extend: adduct, medially rotate humerus Innervation: lower subscapular nerve

Deltoid Origin: spine of scapula; acromion; lateral third of clavicle Insertion: deltoid tuberosity Action: Ant—flex, medially rotate humerus Lat—abduct humerus Post—extend, laterally rotate humerus Innervation: axillary nerve

Supraspinatus Origin: supraspinous fossa Insertion: greater tubercle Action: abduct humerus Innervation: suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus Origin: Infraspinous fossa Insertion: greater tubercle Action: laterally rotate humerus Innervation: suprascapular nerve

Subscapularis Origin: subscapular fossa Insertion: lesser tubercle Action: medially rotate humerus Innervation: upper and lower subscapular nerves

Teres Minor Origin: posterior surface, middle lateral border of scapula Insertion: greater tubercle Action: laterally rotate humerus Innervation: axillary nerve

Serratus Anterior Origin: ribs 1-8 laterally Insertion: anterior side of scapula along medial border Action: protract pectoral girdle; hold scapula to rib cage; superiorly rotate scapula Innervation: long thoracic nerve

Splenius Origin: spinous process of C7 to T6 and supraspinous ligament Insertion: transverse process of cervical vertebrae and mastoid process Action: Bilaterally: extend spine Unilaterally: flex and ipsilateral rotation of cervical spine

Iliocostalis Origin: common tendon attached to iliac crest, posterior sacrum, spinous process of lumbar vertebrae and supraspinous ligament Insertion: ribs in thoracic region and transverse process in lumbar and cervical region Action: Bilaterally: extend spinal column Unilaterally: flex spinal column ipsilaterally; minimally rotate spine

Longissimus Origin: common tendon with iliocostalis Insertion: ribs in thoracic region, transverse process in thoracic and cervical regions and onto mastoid process Action: Bilaterally: extend spinal column Unilaterally: flex spinal column ipsilaterally

Spinalis Origin: spinous process and supraspinous ligament in lumbar and thoracic region Insertion: spinous process in upper thoracic and cervical regions Action: same as other erector spinae

Semispinalis Origin: transverse process of thoracic and cervical vertebrae Insertion: spinous process 4-6 segemtns superior to origin and occipital bone between nuchal lines Action: extend and contralaterally rotate spine

Multifidus Origin: suprrior iliac spine, sacrum, aponeurosis of erector spinae Insertion: spinous process 2-4 segments superior to origin Action: stabilize spine during movement

Rotatores Origin: transverse process all along spine Insertion: spinous process 1-2 segments superior to origin Action: mostly likely proprioceptive

Levator Costarum Origin: transverse process of C7-T11 Insertion: ribs inferior to vertebrae Action: assist in elevating ribs during deep respiration; lateral flexion

Interspinales Origin: spinous process Insertion: superior spinous process Action: extend and rotate spine

Intertransversarii Origin: transverse process Insertion: superior transverse process Action: laterally flex and stabilize spine

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Origin: posterior tubercle of C1 Insertion: inferior nuchal line Action: extend and rotate atlanto-occipital joint

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Origin: spinous process of C2 Insertion: inferior nuchal line Action: extend and rotate atlanto-occipital joint

Obliquus Capitis Superior Origin: transverse process of C1 Insertion: between nuchal lines Action: extend head and flex head to ipsilateral side

Obliquus Capitis Inferior Origin: posterior tubercle of C2 Insertion: transverse process of C1 Action: extend head and flex head to ipsilateral side

Pectoralis Major Origin: medial third of clavicle; sternum and costal cartilage Insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular groove Action: adduct, medially rotate, flex humerus; depress/protract shoulder Innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Pectoralis Minor Origin: ribs 3,4,5 near costochondral junction Insertion: coracoid process Action: deepresss and protract pectoral girdle; inferiorly rotate scapula Insertion: medial pectoral nerve

Subclavius Origin: 1st costal cartilage Insertion: inferior side of clavicle Action: depress clavicle; resist lateral dislocation of clavicle Innervation: subclavius

Sternocleidomastoid Origin: sternum and medial third of clavicle Insertion: mastoid process Action: rotate head to opposite side; elevate chin Innervation: accessory nerve

Anterior Scalene Origin: transverse process of C4-C6 Insertion: scalene tubercle of rib 1 Action: elevate rib 1; laterally flex and rotate neck Innervation: C40C6 ventral rami

Middle Scalene Origin: transverse process C2-C7 Insertion: superior rib 1 Action: elevate rib 1; laterally flex neck Innervation: C3-C8 ventral rami

Posterior Scalene Origin: transverse process C5-C7 Insertion: superior rib 2 Action: elevate rib 2; laterally flex neck Innervation: C7-C8 ventral rami

Omohyoid Origin: intermediate tendon held to clavicle Insertion: inferior border of hyoid Action: depress, retract, and steady hyoid Innervation: Ansa cervicalis

Triangle of Auscultation 2 3 1

1. Superior Latissimus Dorsi 2. Medial Border of Scapula 3. Lateral Trapezius

Quadrangular Space 3 1 2 4

Quadrangular Space Contains: posterior circumflex humeral artery and axillary nerve Teres minor Teres major Surgical neck of humerus Long head of tricep

Triangular Space 1 3 2

Triangular Space Contains circumflex scapular artery Teres minor Teres major Long head of tricep

1 2 3

Posterior Triangle of Neck Contains cervical plexus C1-C4 Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid Middle third of clavicle Roof: investing fascia Floor: prevertebral fascia