Italy in 750 BCE

Etruscans: B.C.E Migrated from AnatoliaMigrated from Anatolia Settled near the Po River Valley.Settled near the Po River Valley. Built thriving cities.Built thriving cities. Political and Economic alliances between their settlements.Political and Economic alliances between their settlements.

Decline of the Etruscans Late 6 th C. B.C.E (500’s)Late 6 th C. B.C.E (500’s) Encounter a series of challenges:Encounter a series of challenges: –Greeks –Gauls How did the Etruscans influence the early development of Rome?How did the Etruscans influence the early development of Rome?

Influence of the Etruscans  Writing  Religion  The Arch  Metals – bronze,iron,jewelry  Trade – developed a fleet  Politically - Monarchs

The Mythical Founding of Rome: 753 B.C.E. Romulus & Remus Q: Who became King? Use the Bentley book to answer the question The Mythical Founding of Rome: 753 B.C.E. Romulus & Remus Q: Who became King? Use the Bentley book to answer the question

Republican Government 2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome) – Civil and Military Power Senate (Representative body for patricians) -Wealthy aristocrats -Elected the Consuls/ratifying power Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)

Conflict Their was constant tension between the Patricians and the Plebeians:Their was constant tension between the Patricians and the Plebeians: What did the Plebeians threaten to do?What did the Plebeians threaten to do? What power did the Tribunes have?What power did the Tribunes have? What happened in times of crisis?What happened in times of crisis?

The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE  Providing political and social rights for the plebeians.

Carthaginian Empire

Punic Wars Conflicts with Carthage in North Africa.Conflicts with Carthage in North Africa. Why did it happen? Use the BentleyWhy did it happen? Use the Bentley –Econ. –Polit. First conflict was over Sicily.First conflict was over Sicily.

Hannibal’s Route

2 nd Punic War: Hannibal Second Punic War:Second Punic War:Second Punic WarSecond Punic War Hannibal marched an army, which included war elephants, from Iberia over the Pyrenees and the Alps into northern Italy.Hannibal marched an army, which included war elephants, from Iberia over the Pyrenees and the Alps into northern Italy.war elephantsIberiaPyreneesAlps Italywar elephantsIberiaPyreneesAlps Italy In his first few years in Italy, he won three dramatic victories and won over several Roman allies.In his first few years in Italy, he won three dramatic victories and won over several Roman allies. Hannibal occupied much of Italy for 15 years, however a Roman counter- invasion of North Africa forced Hannibal to return to Carthage.Hannibal occupied much of Italy for 15 years, however a Roman counter- invasion of North Africa forced Hannibal to return to Carthage.North AfricaNorth Africa Defeated by Scipio.Defeated by Scipio.

End Result: Reflection Question:Reflection Question: –How did Rome benefit by defeating Carthage? –Add this question to your summary question. –STOP HERE! I will discuss the rest of the PowerPoint later.

Republic to Empire Imperial Expansion brought wealth and Power to Rome.Imperial Expansion brought wealth and Power to Rome. Created Problems as Well:Created Problems as Well: –Unequal distribution of Wealth created tension between classes. –How to administer conquered lands. Result: Republic Constitution axedResult: Republic Constitution axed Created: Centralized Gov’tCreated: Centralized Gov’t Latifundia!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! HUH? Is their a problem?Latifundia!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! HUH? Is their a problem?

Reform Leaders  Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land. Military Reformer  Gaius Marius (87 B.C.E) recruited an army from the poor and homeless. (land redistribut.) professional standing army. Lucius Cornelius Sulla (83 B.C.E) Sided with the wealthy aristocrats. Murdered 10,000 Romans

PompeyPompey Civil War & Dictators Julius Caesar

Pax Romana : 27 BCE – 180 CE

Roman Roads: The Appian Way

Imperial Roman Road System

The Roman Forum

Rome’s Early Road System

Roman Roads: The Appian Way

Roman Aqueducts

The Roman Colosseum

The Colosseum Interior

Circus Maximus

Reform Leaders  Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land. Military Reformer  Gaius Marius recruited an army from the poor and homeless. professional standing army.

PompeyPompey Civil War & Dictators Julius Caesar

Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC The Die is Cast!

The First Triumvirate  Julius Caesar  Marcus Licinius Crassus  Gaius Magnus Pompey

Beware the Ides of March! 44 BCE

The Second Triumvirate  Octavian Augustus  Marc Antony  Marcus Lepidus

Octavian Augustus: Rome’s First Emperor

The First Roman Dynasty

Pax Romana : 27 BCE – 180 CE

The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire – 14 CE

The Rise of Christianity

St. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

Imperial Roman Road System

The Empire in Crisis: 3c

Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CE

Constantine:

Constantinople: “The 2 nd Rome” (Founded in 330)

Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c

Attila the Hun: “The Scourge of God”

Byzantium: The Eastern Roman Empire

The Byzantine Empire During the Reign of Justinian

The Byzantine Emperor Justinian

The Legacy of Rome  Republic Government  Roman Law  Latin Language  Roman Catholic Church  City Planning  Romanesque Architectural Style  Roman Engineering Aqueducts Aqueducts Sewage systems Sewage systems Dams Dams Cement Cement Arch Arch