What idea defined the history of Africa and still impact’s its current state? Warm-up: 1. Brainstorm 5 words that come to mind when you think of the African Continent 2. Compare your list with a partner. Are any words the same/similar? 3. Are the majority of your words negative or positive attributes? 4. Why do so many people have negative connotations of Africa? THINK-PAIR- SHARE (TPS) THINK (think about it on your own, without writing) PAIR (turn to the person next to you) SHARE (share your ideas and write down an answer)

*Why does Africa look like a Puzzle? What would cause such uneven boundaries to be drawn inside a continent of this size?

*What does this map tell you about the history of Africa? Who controlled the continent for a large portion of its history?

*Given Africa’s vast natural resources, why has the country always struggled to meet the needs of its people? Why is all of this wealth not their own?

*What is imperialism?

The extension of one country’s political, social, or economic influence over another country. What sort of impact has imperialism had on Africa?

What is the average infant mortality rate among the 5 African countries? (use a calculator!) Which country has the most doctors per people? (excluding the US) Which country has the lowest literacy rate? How does that compare with the US? If you had Somalia’s GNP per capita, what could/would you buy in a year? Compared to America, how would you describe all 5 African countries on the list? What makes a country “third world” or a “developing country”? Come up with specific criteria that separates these countries from more advanced countries

What were the motives for imperialism and what were the methods in which in was carried out?

Warm-up: Analyze this drawing 1.Write a caption- what do you think is happening? 2.Discuss- what was a major idea behind imperialism in Africa?

a reason for doing something, esp. one that is hidden or not obvious.

Industrial Revolution in Europe 1820s- increased technology and production Needed raw materials for factories and markets: Cash crops- cotton, rubber, yams, palm oil Minerals- gold, diamonds, copper Fossil Fuels- Oil, natural gas, lumber Land- vacation spots

Competition Each country wanted the most powerful empire in Europe Strategic geo-political locations Suez Canal, Congo River, Nile River, Diamond mines, Gold mines, etc.

Civilizing mission: Europeans had a social responsibility to “help” Africans Spread Christianity Spread way of life All ideas based on racist, ethnocentric beliefs of superiority

Imperialism Map: 1.Shade and label the following areas of colonial control 2.Answer the following: 1.Which two countries had the most control? 2.Which country do you think had a more powerful empire in Africa? Why? 3.Which country was independent?

A systematic procedure for accomplishing a goal

Signed contracts giving up rights to land/freedom Direct Rule European leader stayed to rule over country (viceroy) Indirect Rule Local leader with loyalty to Europe ruled over country

Used superior technology to conquer countries that resisted Automatic rifles Telegraph lines- comm. Steamboats- transp. Quinine- medical Machine guns Only 1 country was able to fight off Europeans- Ethiopia Whatever happens, we have got The Maxim Gun, and they have not

Attended by 14 European countries Not a single African representative there Goal: To avoid conflict/disputes amongst themselves while colonizing Africa Outcome: Set up territories for each empire to pursue, and rules for how to pursue them Set in motion the “Scramble for Africa”

Leopold of Belgium: Hey ya’ll, ready to get our “partition” on? Victoria of Britain: Victoria of England here, checking in with the full force of the British Empire! Wilhelm of Germany: It’s not a partition party until you have a cool hat! Jules of France: Hey guys, dibs on the first-round pick! France going big, YOLO…