SOCIAL SCIENCE 3

Context:  Ivan III of Moscow Ruled Russia Conquered much of the territory around Moscow Liberated Russia from the Mongols Centralized the Russian government Laid in the foundations of absolutism in Russia

Context:  Vasily – succeeded his father, Ivan III. Added territories for Russia Increased power of the central government Would be succeeded by his son, Ivan IV.

Ivan IV  AKA Ivan the Terrible  He came to the throne when he was 3 yrs old  Young life: so many disruptions Power struggle with the Russian landowning nobles, the boyars The boyars fought to control Ivan.

Ivan IV  At 16 yrs old, he seized power and crowned himself “czar”  He was the first Russian ruler to use it officially.  He married Anastasia from the old boyar family called the Romanovs

Ivan IV  Good period Won great victories More lands for Russia Ruled justly Gave Russia a code of laws BUT AFTER 1560….

Ivan IV  After 1560 Ivan’s “bad period” Upon the death of Anastasia, Ivan accused boyars of poisoning her Ivan turned against the boyars He had a secret police force (in black and rode on a black horse) and hunted down boyars whom Ivan considered as traitors ○ OPRICHNINA Boyars’ execution along with their family and peasants

Ivan IV  An act both considered a personal tragedy and a national disaster: Killed his oldest son and heir A weak son then was left to rule ○ He had no heir ○ Physically and mentally incapable to rule ○ The start of the Time of Troubles "I die as a devoted son and most humble servant"

Rise of the Romanov Dynasty  Michael Romanov Grandnephew of Anastasia Started the Romanov dynasty in Russia which lasted for 300 years ROMANOV Rulers ○ Restored order in Russia ○ Strengthened government ○ Put down revolts ○ Paved way for the absolute reign of Peter the Great

Peter the Great  One of Russia’s greatest reformers  Increased the “czar’s power”

How was Russia compared with other European nations then?  A land of boyars and serfs Serfdom continued in Russia until mid 1800s  Boyars knew little of Western Europe Looked to Constantinople for leadership, not Rome Mongol rule cut off Russia from the Renaissance and Age of Exploration Geographic barriers isolated Russia  Adopted Eastern Orthodox branch of Christianity Western Europe: Catholics, Protestants

Peter Visits the West  The very tall Peter Fascinated by the modern tools and machines in the foreigners’ shops. He had a passion for shops and the sea Believed that Russia’s future depended on warm-water port When he was 24, he became the sole ruler of Russia.

Peter Visits the West  “Grand Embassy” Long visit to western Europe Goal: Learn about other European customs and industrial techniques While on his journey, he kept his identity a secret

In Netherlands  Labored as a ship’s carpenter for four months

Absolutism of Peter  Peter thought : Russia would compete with Europe on both military and commercial terms  Westernize Russia = a way to make Russia even stronger

Random Questions: Should we adapt to the “western” culture to make our country, the Philippines “much better”? Is westernization important in the Philippines?

Peter’s Reforms  Many people criticized his reform plans  “For you know yourself that, though a thing be good and necessary, our people will not do it unless forced to.”  Peter then increased his powers as an absolute ruler

Peter’s Reforms 1. He brought the Russian Orthodox church under state control. * Holy Synod 2. Reduced the power of the great landowners. * Recruiting able men from lower ranking class 1. Modernized his army. Hiring European officers Imposing heavy taxes

Peter’s Reforms  Introduced Potato  Russia’s first newspaper, he edited the first issue himself  Raised women’s status and had them attend social gatherings  Western fashion  Advanced learning!

St. Petersburg, a new capital

 Because Peter wanted a seaport for easy access to West, he fought Sweden for a piece of the Baltic Coast.

St. Petersburg  A city built on a desolate swamp Luckless serfs worked at St. Petersburg \ 25, ,000 died from terrible working conditions and widespread diseases. Russian nobles were ordered to settle in Peter’s new capital.

Peter the Great  Successful Reforms (Culture and Government)  Power in Europe

ASSIGNMENT:  Read ENGLISH CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY and answer: Describe the causes, participants, and outcome of the English Civil War through a “Comic Strip” List at least 3 ways that Parliament tried to limit the power of the English monarchy.  Answers to be written on 1 Yellow Pad paper

ASSIGNMENT:  Be prepared for GRADED RECITATION ON: ○ The Scientific Revolution Its birth Revolutionary Model of the Universe Conflicts with the Church The Scientific Method Law of Gravity Spread of Scientific Revolution

ASSIGNMENT:  Be prepared for GRADED RECITATION ON: ○ The Englightenment Views on the Government Philosophes Women and the Enlightenment Its impact Spread of the englightenment