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Chapter Menu Introduction Section 1: Section 1: The Economy Section 2: Section 2: People and Their Environment Visual Summary

Chapter Intro 1 A study of Europe will reveal how the economies of the region are changing and becoming more unified. This chapter will also explore how Europeans are recognizing and managing specific environmental issues.

Chapter Intro 2 Section 1: The Economy Cooperation and conflict among people influence the division and control of Earth’s surface. The countries of Europe face the challenge of developing distinct economic, social, and political identities while uniting for greater strength and prosperity in a global economy.

Chapter Intro 3 Section 2: People and Their Environment The characteristics and distribution of ecosystems help people understand environmental issues. Europeans identify environmental challenges and find new ways of managing natural resources and reversing the effects of damage caused by industry and development.

Chapter Preview-End

Section 1-GTR The Economy The countries of Europe face the challenge of developing distinct economic, social, and political identities while uniting for greater strength and prosperity in a global economy.

Section 1-GTR heavy industry The Economy organic farmingorganic farming Maastricht TreatyMaastricht Treaty light industry mixed farming farm cooperativefarm cooperative genetically modified foodgenetically modified food

Section 1-GTR computer The Economy chemical media

Section 1-GTR A.Prague The Economy B.Budapest C.Paris D.Brussels E.London

A.A B.B C.C Section 1 How does cooperation among countries impact the economies of the countries? A.Trade is hurt. B.Trade is helped. C.There is no impact on trade. The Economy

Section 1 European economies are based on different combinations of manufacturing, service and technology, and agriculture. Economic Activities The Industrial Revolution made Europe the birthplace of modern industry. Types of Industries: –Manufacturing –Service (60%)

Section 1 –Technology Farming techniques: Economic Activities (cont.) –Using advanced technology –Mixed farming –Farm cooperatives Europe also has fertile farmland. –Tourism GDP by Economic Sector

Section 1 Economic Activities (cont.) Issues: –Genetically modified foods –The use of chemicals –Disease –Agricultural subsidies

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 High-end electronics and specialty tools are classified as which type of industry? A.Service B.Heavy industry C.Light industry D.Medium industry

Section 1 The economies of Europe are supported by transportation and communications systems that are state-of-the-art in some areas and improving in other areas. Transportation and Communications Europe’s network of highways, railroads, waterways and airline routes is among the best in the world.

Section 1 Transportation and Communications (cont.) Railways and highways: –Trains á grand vitesse (TGVs) –High speed rails in Germany, Italy, and Spain –Bridge linking Sweden to western Europe –Rail triangle between Paris, Brussels and London –Autobahn Comparing Transportation

Section 1 Transportation and Communications (cont.) Seaports and waterways: –Rotterdam –Rhine River –Danube River –Main-Danube canal

Section 1 Transportation and Communications (cont.) Communications: –International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSATs) –European Broadcasting Union –Cell phones, , the Internet—common in western Europe

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 1 How much of the world’s international shipping is handled by Europe? A.Just over 25% B.Over 50% C.Over 75% D.Over 85%

Section 1 Trade within Europe and between Europe and the rest of the world is changing as a result of the European Union and changes in the political and economic landscape of eastern Europe. Trade and Interdependence The goal of the EU is to make Europe’s economies competitive with the rest of the world by getting rid of restrictions on the movement of goods, services, and people across its members’ borders. The European Union

Section 1 Trade and Interdependence (cont.) It also paved the way for: –a single European currency –a central bank –common foreign policy Since the fall of communism in 1989, eastern European countries have been moving from command economies to market economies.

Section 1 Trade and Interdependence (cont.) Eastern Europe is a member of the EU, and faces many challenges as they try to catch up with western Europe’s economy. Economies in Eastern Europe

A.A B.B Section 1 The EU restructured their constitution in A.True B.False

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Section 2-GTR People and Their Environment Europeans identify environmental challenges, find new ways of managing natural resources, and reverse the effects of damage caused by industry and development.

Section 2-GTR dry farming People and Their Environment environmentalist meltwater global warming cycle acid depositionacid deposition acid rain vehicle disposal

Section 2-GTR A.Strait of Gibraltar People and Their Environment B.Białowieza Forest

A.A B.B C.C Section 2 Are you aware of the environmental challenges that face Europe? A.Very aware B.Somewhat aware C.Not aware People and Their Environment

Section 2 Europeans realize their connection to the environment and the importance of managing resources wisely. Managing Resources Challenges posed by the physical environment in different areas of Europe: –Earthquakes –Low rainfall –Sea storms –Flooding –Soil erosion –Deforestation

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 How much of Europe’s forestland has been removed over time? A.One-half B.One-fourth C.Two-thirds D.One-eight

Section 2 Population growth and industrialization have impacted Europe’s environment in negative ways, and Europeans must find ways to reverse the damage. Human Impact The EU now requires environmental protection and cleanup from its members.

Section 2 Human Impact (cont.) Acid rain is caused by: –Pollution from industrial sites –Automobile exhaust Air and water pollution is caused by: –Traffic exhaust –Industrial fumes –People who use the sea to dump waste, sewage, and garbage Acid Rain in Europe

Section 2 Human Impact (cont.) –Agricultural runoff into rivers and lakes The EU has been a supporter of the Kyoto Protocol due to the issue of global warming. –Raw sewage that is dumped into rivers

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 Which resource is a major cause of acid rain? A.Coal B.Natural gas C.Nuclear power D.All of the above

Section 2 European countries are uniting to develop ways of protecting and restoring the region’s environment. Future Challenges Steps Europe is taking toward cleaning up their environment: –The consequences of pollution are being addressed. –People recognize that improving water quality is a necessity.

Section 2 Future Challenges (cont.) –Many power plants now burn natural gas instead of lignite coal. –By 2010 all EU member countries must lower emissions. –Some countries are developing alternative fuels. –Eastern European countries are seeking financial aid from EU countries in western Europe.

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 2 One of the largest areas still in its natural state is in which area of Europe? A.Sweden B.Germany C.Poland D.Spain

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VS 1 The Birthplace of Modern Industry Europe’s economy varies by country, particularly between eastern and western Europe. The Industrial Revolution made Europe the birthplace of modern industry. About 60 percent of western Europe’s workforce is in service industries. Banking, insurance, and tourism rank among the region’s top service industries. Although Europe is industrialized, many people still earn a living from farming.

VS 2 Challenges

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Vocab1 heavy industry the manufacture of machinery and equipment needed for factories and mines

Vocab2 light industry manufacturing aimed at making consumer goods such as textiles or food processing rather than heavy machinery

Vocab3 mixed farming raising several kinds of crops and livestock on the same farm

Vocab4 farm cooperative organization in which farmers share in growing and selling farm products

Vocab5 genetically modified food food sources, the genes of which have been altered to cause increase in size and speed of growth or greater resistance to pests

Vocab6 organic farming the use of natural substances rather than chemical fertilizers and pesticides to enrich the soil and grow crops

Vocab7 Maastricht Treaty a 1992 meeting of European governments in Maastricht, the Netherlands, that formed the European Union

Vocab8 dry farming farming method used in dry regions in which land is plowed and planted deeply to hold water in the soil

Vocab9 acid rain precipitation carrying large amounts of dissolved acids which damages buildings, forests, and crops, and kills wildlife

Vocab10 meltwater water formed by melting snow and ice

Vocab11 acid deposition wet or dry airborne acids that fall to the earth

Vocab12 environmentalist person actively concerned with the quality and protection of the environment

Vocab13 global warming gradual warming of the Earth and its atmosphere that may be caused in part by pollution and an increase in the greenhouse effect

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