Problem Research Hypothesis (proposed solution) Design Experiment Variable and control Record Observations Analyze data Conclusion

Nucleus: most of the mass Protons –positive charge Neutrons- neutral Electron Cloud: most of the space Electrons- negative charge MATTER: has mass and takes up space

Types of Matter Mixtures: no set composition Heterogeneous mix- able to detect different components (sand) Homogeneous mix- unable to detect diff. components (dough) Chemicals: set composition pure elements: only 1 kind of atom pure compounds- atoms arranged only 1 way (H2O) Changes in Matter Physical: no change in chemical composition (ex. change in state) Chemical: change in chemical composition (chemical reactions) Chemical Reactions :Conservation of Mass combustion: rapid reaction with oxygen (burning) oxidation: slow reaction with oxygen (rusting) electrolysis: separation of components through electricity Tarnish: metals outer surface reaction with surrounding non metal

Physical Characteristics: Property observed without changing the substance physical state, color, texture, luster, conductivity, magnetic, flexibility, density, viscosity, malleable, surface tension, ductility, boiling point, melting point etc. Chemical Characteristics: Properties that describe the ability of a substance to change into other substances chemical reactions ( see previous slide) Separation of chemicals uses different properties

Lord Kelvin K – absolute temperature scale (no negative values) 0 K is °C and − °F Temperature is measuring the amount of movement energy in a substance. The higher the temperature the more ‘movement energy’. SI units! Systeme International ( K, m, N, g, s)

4 States of Matter Solid regular pattern no regular pattern Liquid Gas Plasma CONSERVATION OF MASS!!! The amount of the substance does not change

 Law – Tested tried and true, no known exceptions  Principle - Fundamental rule, applies almost always but a few exceptions  Theory- not proven (or cannot be) but an explanation for observations Boyle’s Law: Relates volume and pressure of a gas\ Charles’ Law: Relates temperature and volume of a gas at a constant pressure Archimedes Principle: displacement Pascal’s Principle: Pressure constant throughout a gas Bernoulli’s Principle: Relates pressure and velocity in a fluid