The Golden Age of Hollywood Independent Cinema
Golden Age of Hollywood Late 1920s (The Jazz Singer) to early 1960s Unwritten set of rules dictate these films Style/content are expected from the audience Still exists in many films today
Studio System Five (5) major studios dominated the films made An assembly-line process for filmmaking with contracted directors, screenwriters, actors, editors, etc. Fostered the idea of the “star,” an actor/actress who drove audiences to the theater
Classical Style Focus on the narrative of the film Three-act structure with a problem (Act 1), working through the problem (Act 2), and resolution (Act 3). Time is linear (with perhaps a flashback) Classical editing techniques Matching action, etc. that maintains sense of time and space 180º rule and a focus on mise en scene
Development of the Genre Conventions or rules are established for classic genres: Western Slapstick Screwball Musical Animation Biopic War Film noir
Changes in the 1950s-1960s End of the Hays Production Code Spread of television Foreign influences (auteur theory) Acting styles changed (i.e. Method) Film schools started to produce filmmakers Some directors (Hitchcock, Welles, Ford) had been able to develop an individual style within the Studio System Political change which influenced audiences and what they wanted from film
Independent Cinema (aka the New Hollywood) A feature film produced mostly outside a major studio More limited releases More idiosyncratic to the filmmaker (remnant of auteur theory) Brought on by the rise of the film festival/alternative forms of distribution Horror films (Night of the Living Dead)
1990s and Independent Film Indie films found commercial success Sex, Lies and Videotape; Clerks; The Shawshank Redemption; Pulp Fiction Directors like Quentin Tarantino, Stephen Soderberg, David Lynch, Jim Jarmusch, Paul Thomas Anderson, and Wes Anderson became synonymous with their films and their unique styles
Does Classic Hollywood still exist? Do audience expectations drive filmmaking or do filmmakers dictate how films are made? Is Slumdog Millionaire a classic movie or an independent film?