CHAPTER 12 LESSON 3 Exploration and Worldwide trade

Settling the Americas ■Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas ■Other Countries do not accept the treaty ■1500 –Spanish and Portuguese build settlements ■1600’s –The French, English and Dutch establish settlements

Spain’s American Empire ■1600’s –North America, South America, Caribbean ■Viceroys governed in place of the royals ■Goals –Bring wealth back to Spain –Convert natives to Christianity ■Plantations, gold and silver mines, Missions –Used Native Americans for labor –Disease began to kill the labor force –Started using African slaves instead –This created a new culture

Portuguese Brazil ■1500 –Brazil claimed for the Portuguese by Cabral ■Cash Crops – Crop grown in large quantities to be sold for proffit –Sugarcane –Tobacco –Coffee –Cotton ■Used African slaves and became very profitable

The French ■1600’s –Fur trade is the main reason the French settled North America ■Beaver has become very popular in Europe –French set up trading post ■Samuel de Champlain set up trading post named Quebec ■Jesuits sent to teach Christianity ■1673 –La Salle claimed land for France and named it Louisiana after the King

England's Colonies in North America ■Natural Resources ■Reason for coming to America –Trade –Religious Freedom ■Virginia Company founded the first permanent settlement –Jamestown –Struggled economically until tobacco saved the settlement

Crops to Sell ■Tobacco was popular in Europe –Became the first cash crop for the English –Started growing on large plantations that used slaves ■Rice and Indigo (dye producing plant) –South Carolina ■Sugar Cane –Caribbean islands such as Jamaica

Dutch Traders ■Netherlands won independence from Spain became known as the dutch –Believed trade was key to survival ■1600’s was the golden age for the Netherlands –Southeast asia, and North America ■Henry Hudson claimed land in North America for the Dutch ■1621 Dutch traders established settlements in North America –Manhattan

World Trade Changes ■As Empire developed trade developed –Between homeland and their settlements ■1600 –European nations were competing for markets and trade goods

What is Mercantilism ■Countries power depends on its wealth –Gold and Silver ■Exports over Imports ■Should establish clolnies –Raw materials shipped to home country where they manufacture goods

What is Mercantilism ■Europeans established trading post in Asia and North America –Spain in Phillipines –English and French in India –Dutch in Java – Indonesia ■Guns and ships helped Europeans defeat Arab and Indian Armies ■Europeans forced Asia to open up lands ■Japan used guns to defeat the Samurai

Joint Stock Companies ■In the 1600’s Europeans developed new business methods –Commercial Revolution ■Commerce – Buying and selling of goods in large quantities over long distances ■Entrepreneur – invest money into a project to make money on the success ■Many projects were to large for one person to pay for –Joint Stock Companies – many people invested to share in the profits and failures

Cottage Industry ■1600’s –Artisans and guilds became to expensive –Began hiring peasants to make goods especially wool cloth in their homes ■Cottage industry system used small house where peasants lived and worked called cottages

Global Exchange ■Trade expanded –Exchange of people, goods, technology, ideas and disease began ■Food from the Americas –Corn and Potatoes became essential for daily life –Squash, beans, tomatoes, Chocolate ■Food to the Americas from Europe –Wheat, oats, barley, rye, and rice –Coffee, tropical fruits, ■Animals to the Americas –Pigs, sheep, cattle, chickens, and horses ■Slaves and Diseases to the Americas