Instructor: Dr. Shereen Aly Taie 1

 Broad introduction to Computer Graphics ◦ Software ◦ Hardware ◦ Applications  CAD برامج التصميم 2

 Good programming skills in C (or C++)  Basic Data Structures ◦ Linked lists ◦ Arrays  Geometry  Simple Linear Algebra 3

 Can run AutoCAD, Math lab on any system ◦ Windows ◦ Linux ◦ Mac 4

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 In this lecture, we explore what computer graphics is about and survey some application areas  We start with a historical introduction 6

 Computer graphics deals with all aspects of creating images with a computer ◦ Hardware ◦ Software ◦ Applications 7

 Where did this image come from?  What hardware/software did we need to produce it? 8

 Application: The object is an artist’s rendition of the sun for an animation to be shown in a domed environment (planetarium)  Software: Maya for modeling and rendering but Maya is built on top of OpenGL  Hardware: PC with graphics card for modeling and rendering 9

10 Input devices Output device Image formed in FB

Can be used either as a line-drawing device (calligraphic) or to display contents of frame buffer (raster mode) 11

12  Analytic Geometry  Art and Graphic Design  Cognitive Science  Computer Engineering  Engineering Design  Education  Film  Human Factors  Linear Algebra  Numerical Analysis Computer Graphics (CG) Parametric Equations Conics Polygon Rendering Layout CG Design Visualization Rendering Hardware VR Systems Portable/Embedded CG Color/Optical Models CG/Vision Duality Interface Design CAD CAE / CASE CAM Immersive Training Tutoring Interfaces Animation Large-Scale CG User Modeling Ergonomic Interfaces, I/O Transformations Change of Coordinate Systems Surface Modeling Physically-Based Modeling Stat/Info Visualization

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14  Computer graphics is commonly understood to mean the creation, storage and manipulation of models and images.

15  Computer graphic is concerned يهتم with ◦ all aspects of producing pictures or images using a computer. ◦ the pictorial synthesis or real or imaginary objects from their computer based model

16  Computer Graphics ◦ Synthesis تركيب أو تكوين of graphical images ◦ Visualization :  creating an image from an abstract, symbolic description. ◦ Generation of Synthesis Image  using graphical primitives  data from real world phenomena

17  Image Processing ◦ the transformation النقل من حالة لحالة of an existing image into a more desirable or useful image.  image enhancement, pattern detection The following images represent how noise affects images

18  Image Analysis (Computer Vision الرؤيا بالحاسب ) ◦ extracting symbolic information from the image. Computer Graphics Data => Picture Image ProcessingPicture => Picture Image AnalysisPicture => Data

19  User controls contents, structure, and appearance of objects and their displayed images via rapid visual feedback  Basic components of an interactive graphics system ◦ input (e.g., mouse, tablet and stylus, force feedback device,scanner…) ◦ processing (and storage) ◦ display/output (e.g., screen, paper-based printer, video recorder…)

20  Humans communicate well with images ◦ 1/3 of your brain is devoted to visual processing  A picture is worth a few hundred megabytes

21  Developing Computational Capability ◦ Rendering الإستخراج أو الإستخلاص : synthesizing realistic- looking, useful, or interesting images ◦ Animation: creating visual impression of motion ◦ Image processing: analyzing, transforming, displaying images efficiently

22  Better Understanding of Data, Objects, Processes through Visualization الرؤية ◦ Visual summarization, description, manipulation ◦ Virtual environments (VR), visual monitoring, interactivity ◦ Human-computer intelligent interaction (HCII): training, tutoring, analysis, control systems

23  Time is Right الوقت مناسب ◦ Recent progress in algorithms and theory ◦ Rapidly emergence of new I/O (display and data acquisition) technologies ◦ Available computational power, improving price- performance-ratio of hardware ◦ Growth and interest of graphics industries (e.g., information visualization, entertainment CAD)

24 advances in the last decade due mostly to the microchip  software advances, especially in object- oriented programming and real-time rendering algorithms  Hardware advances continue to benefit graphics: ◦ faster inexpensive microprocessors and dedicated graphics chips ◦ screen technology: High-definition television (HDTV), colour LCD ◦ virtual reality interfaces (corneal implants?)

Computer Graphics Geometric modeling

Computer Graphics Image Output: Geometric Models SyntheticCamera

Computer Vision

Model Output: Real Scene CamerasImages

29 Graphics Database Editing Modeling Transformation Viewing Operation Graphics Database Display Traversal تجوال أو دوران Visible-Surface Determination Scan Conversion Shading / Illumination Image Front-End (Geometry Processing) Back-End (Rasterization)