Effectiveness of improved cookstove dissemination in reduction of household air pollution in Bhutan Group II Wangmo Yeshey Choden Gyan Gurung Loday Zangpo Tenzin Wangchuk Research Proposal

Overview Background Literature review Research questions Study design Timeline Budget

Background

Sustainable Rural Biomass Energy Project rojectlist/srbe.html

TARAYANA Project: Energy Efficient Fuelwood Stove Next Project

Proposed Study Sites Study Site Study Site

Singh et al., Assessment of effectiveness of improved cookstoves in reducing indoor air pollution and improving health in Nepal. Energy for Sustainable Development 16, Median value of 24 hr mean PM 2.5 in TCS, ICS after 3 months and One year Median value of 24 hr mean CO in TCS, ICS after 3 months and One year Literature review

Li et al., Personal PM 2.5 and indoor CO in nomadic tents using open and chimney biomass stoves on the Tibetan plateau. Atmospheric Environment 59,

Balakrishnan et al., Exposure assessment for respirable particulates associated with household fuel use in rural districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 14, S14-S25.

Research Questions 1. What is the contribution of biomass fuel combustion to household air pollution (HAP) and occupant exposure, and what are its drivers? 2. How effective is the improved cookstove in reduction of HAP in different microenvironments and exposure for primary cooks and children?

Study Design Longitudinal Study: “Before and After” design 1.Area monitoring (100 houses: 50 from Lhuenste & 50 Samtse) 2.Exposure monitoring (primary cooks & children in selected households) 3.Control (20 houses, 10 each) 4.Questionnaire survey of occupant activities & house characteristics 5.Target pollutant: PM 2.5 & CO 6.Instrumentation: PATS monitors (PM), Lascar (CO), SUMS 7.Meteorological station

Household Selection Multistage stratified random sampling from the list provided by Tarayana for the study sites Rapid survey - presence of children 3 to 6 years Willingness to participate in the research (pollution monitoring & responding to questionnaire)

Area monitoring Outdoor monitoring Simultaneous indoor- outdoor measurements for 48 hr Indoor monitoring Indoor Kitchen Living room monitoring I/O = C in /C out I/O << 1: dominant indoor source I/O >> 1: dominant outdoor source I/O = 1: similar indoor & outdoor source Three measurements: before installation of ICS, 3 months & 6 months after installation of ICS Separate Kitchen 20 houses when no cooking was done

Exposure assessment Microenvironments/activities (i) kitchen during cooking time (ii) kitchen during non- cooking time (ii) living room/main house during cooking time (iv) living room/main house during non-cooking time (v) outdoor Time activity patterns – Recall method Direct personal monitoring for primary cooks and children Equation C ij = concentration of pollutant in the microenvironment j when individual i is present, t ij = time spent by the individual i in the microenvironment j m = number of microenvironments

Control Monitoring 20 houses (10 each from 2 districts) 1 * 4 seasonal monitoring similar to Area & Personal monitoring

Questionnaire type of dwelling wall, ceiling, floor types number of people living in the house type of kitchen kitchen ventilation number of meals cooked type of fuel frequency of fodder preparation, liquor distillation

Types of Data Primary data: (i) area and exposure measurements (ii) questionnaire (iii) meteorological data

Timeline

Budget ParticularsNumberTotal cost PATs LASCARS SUMS Instrument claibration Weather Sation Personnel/Transport Compensation Misclleaneous costs Total

Feedback Very useful & resourceful Shorten presentation duration Familiarity to appropriate instrumentation for HAP study in rural areas Local resource persons e.g. NEC, EO from districts etc. EO as participants Hands-on learning & more field study

Future Implementation Train field officers on maintenance of ICS disseminated Promote behavioral changes of users Advocacy on adverse effects of HAP

THANKS