Lab Reports

 Let ’ s Talk About Labs  Components of a Good Lab Paper

 Title Page  Title  Clearly Presents Research Concept  For this course please include :  Name  Course Information  Date

 Heading  Introduction  No Additional Headings*  Background (History)  Leading to…  Specific Purpose  Why is the experiment being done?  Specific Hypothesis  What result(s) do you expect?

 Heading  Materials and Methods  No Additional Headings*  ID What Materials were Used  Identify Precisely How the Experiment was Performed  With this Information Others Should be Able to Repeat Your Experiment and Obtain Similar Results

 Heading  Results  Present Data  Accurately Collected  Use Correct Units!  Only Data Collected During the Experiment! – No Conclusions!  Results from Calculations are Conclusions  Table(s) of Results  Each Table Should be Labeled and Titled  Ex. “ Table 1 – Mass Changes Measured ”

 Heading  Discussion  Start with Text! (Begin the Discussion with Discussion)  Detailed Explanation of How Your Results Supported Your Hypothesis (Or Not)  Your Chance to “ Present Your Case ”  Interpret Your Data  If Mathematical – Show All Your Calculations – Do Not Make the Reader do the Calculations  Tables and Graphs of Conclusions  In Scientific Writing There are Only … 1.Text 2.Tables (Containing Numbers) 3.Figures (Graphs, Pictures, etc … )  Each Figure Should be Labeled and Titled  Ex. “ Figure 1 – Cumulative % Mass Change ”

 Components of a Good Lab Paper  Sections:  A Title Page  Introduction  Materials & Methods  Results  Discussion  Citations

 Avoid Plagiarism!  Copying is Plagiarism  Paraphrasing is Plagiarism  Create Your Own Independent Work

 In 300 BC, Euclid noted that light travels in straight lines. He believed that vision involves rays going from the eyes to the object seen and he studied the relationship between the apparent sizes of objects and the angles that they subtend at the eye. What Euclid was referring to was the reaction of light through different types of lenses. The two types of lenses are convex and concave. Convex bends slightly inward and concave bends slightly outward. The Convex lenses are also commonly founded in farsighted seeing people, helping them see objects smaller than they appear. As a result, the thicker outside edges will refract the image causing it to be virtual, rotated 90 degrees, and reduced compared to the objects original statue.  In 300 BC, Euclid noted that light travels in straight lines. His belief was that vision involves rays going from the eyes to the object and he studied the relationship between the sizes of objects and the angles that they subtend at the eye. He questioned that sight was a result from a beam from the eye. He talked about what light does when projected through different types of lenses. The two types of lenses are convex and concave. Convex lenses bend slightly inward and concave lenses bend slightly outward. As a result, the thicker outside edges will refract the image causing it to be a virtual image, rotated 90 degrees, and reduced compared to the objects original statue. Through the convex lens, images will appear to be upside-down, and smaller than the object itself.

 In 300 BC, Euclid noted that light travels in straight lines. He believed that vision involves rays going from the eyes to the object seen and he studied the relationship between the apparent sizes of objects and the angles that they subtend at the eye. What Euclid was referring to was the reaction of light through different types of lenses. The two types of lenses are convex and concave. Convex bends slightly inward and concave bends slightly outward. The Convex lenses are also commonly founded in farsighted seeing people, helping them see objects smaller than they appear. As a result, the thicker outside edges will refract the image causing it to be virtual, rotated 90 degrees, and reduced compared to the objects original statue.  In 300 BC, Euclid noted that light travels in straight lines. His belief was that vision involves rays going from the eyes to the object and he studied the relationship between the sizes of objects and the angles that they subtend at the eye. He questioned that sight was a result from a beam from the eye. He talked about what light does when projected through different types of lenses. The two types of lenses are convex and concave. Convex lenses bend slightly inward and concave lenses bend slightly outward. As a result, the thicker outside edges will refract the image causing it to be a virtual image, rotated 90 degrees, and reduced compared to the objects original statue. Through the convex lens, images will appear to be upside- down, and smaller than the object itself.

 If You Use Other ’ s Work – Cite It!!! Introduction: Enzymes are proteins, made of a specific polypeptide chain, that increase the rate of reactions by reacting with a substrate to create end products. Most enzymes end in the suffix –ase. Each enzyme can only catalyze one type of reaction, meaning that the cell has thousands of enzymes to catalyze thousands of different reactions. 1 Most living cells each contain about 3000 enzymes and each is significant to the function of the cell. On each enzyme is an active site, which has a unique three-dimensional structure, and is where the reaction occurs. The active site is similar in structure and molecular conformation to the substrate with which it interacts and binds; this interaction is known as the enzyme- substrate complex. After catalyzing a reaction, the product is transported away, and the enzyme is recycled to function in another chemical reaction. 2 With enzymes, reactions occur almost a million times faster than they would in the absence of the enzymes. The rate of a reaction depends on the concentration of the substrate, the pH of the environment, and the presence of other chemicals. 1 When the shape of an enzyme is changed it is deactivated, or denatured; denaturation can be caused by: exposing the enzyme to high temperatures, changing the pH of the environment, or by binding another chemical to the enzyme, changing the shape of its active site. 3 Enzymes work together in metabolic pathways, which are chemical reactions occurring in a cell. There are two types of metabolic pathways: catabolism, which involve the breakdown of large, complex molecules, and anabolism, which is the synthesis of large molecules by joining smaller molecules together. 1 Enzymes can easily be extracted from cells to be studied in a test tube environment, providing the opportunity to gain more knowledge about their structure and function. Citations 1. CliffsNotes.com. Enzymes. 29 Sep Ophardt, Charles E. "Roles in Enzymes in Biochemical Reactions." Enzymes. Elmhurst College, Web. 29 Sept Port, Tami. "Science Demonstration on the Enzyme Bromelain." Suite101.com. Suite 101, 20 Jan Web. 29 Sept

 If You Use Other ’ s Work – Cite It!!! Introduction: Enzymes are proteins, made of a specific polypeptide chain, that increase the rate of reactions by reacting with a substrate to create end products. Most enzymes end in the suffix –ase. Each enzyme can only catalyze one type of reaction, meaning that the cell has thousands of enzymes to catalyze thousands of different reactions. 1 Most living cells each contain about 3000 enzymes and each is significant to the function of the cell. On each enzyme is an active site, which has a unique three-dimensional structure, and is where the reaction occurs. The active site is similar in structure and molecular conformation to the substrate with which it interacts and binds; this interaction is known as the enzyme- substrate complex. After catalyzing a reaction, the product is transported away, and the enzyme is recycled to function in another chemical reaction. 2 With enzymes, reactions occur almost a million times faster than they would in the absence of the enzymes. The rate of a reaction depends on the concentration of the substrate, the pH of the environment, and the presence of other chemicals. 1 When the shape of an enzyme is changed it is deactivated, or denatured; denaturation can be caused by: exposing the enzyme to high temperatures, changing the pH of the environment, or by binding another chemical to the enzyme, changing the shape of its active site. 3 Enzymes work together in metabolic pathways, which are chemical reactions occurring in a cell. There are two types of metabolic pathways: catabolism, which involve the breakdown of large, complex molecules, and anabolism, which is the synthesis of large molecules by joining smaller molecules together. 1 Enzymes can easily be extracted from cells to be studied in a test tube environment, providing the opportunity to gain more knowledge about their structure and function. Citations 1. CliffsNotes.com. Enzymes. 29 Sep Ophardt, Charles E. "Roles in Enzymes in Biochemical Reactions." Enzymes. Elmhurst College, Web. 29 Sept Port, Tami. "Science Demonstration on the Enzyme Bromelain." Suite101.com. Suite 101, 20 Jan Web. 29 Sept

 Double Space Text  Bold, Underline, or otherwise Highlight Section Headings  Check Spelling and Wording  Revise