BSE222A/341: Biochemical Engineering ASHOK KUMAR Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Semester-II (2013-2014)

BSE222A: Biochemical Engineering Course Contents Biochemical engineering: Upstream and Downstream Bioseparations and bio-processes, Downstream processing. Characteristics of biological materials, pretreatment methods; separation of cell biomass, adsorption, filtration, centrifugation,affinity bases separation, polishing-crystallization, drying, case studies; Process integration. Bioprocess integration for efficient production and recovery, scale-up consideration, process monitoring and process economics Biochemical engineering: Stoichiometry and energetics of microbial metabolism. Transport phenomena. Enzyme catalyzed reactions and processes. Bioreactor design and applications. Sterilization. Instrumentation and control Environmental bioprocesses. Interaction of mixed microbial population, applications, biological wastewater treatment, anaerobic, digesters, bioremediation.

List of Books Biochemical Engineering Course 1. Blanch, H. W. and Clark, D. S. “Biochemical Engineering”. Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2. Bailey, J. E. and Ollis, D. F. “Biochemical Engieering Fundamentals”. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 3. Belter, P. A., Cussler, E. L. and Hu, W. S. “Bioseparations: Downstream Processing for Biotechnology”, John Wiley & Sons Desai, Mohamed. A. Downstream Processing of Proteins: Methods and Protocols. Humana Press 5. Shuler, M. L. and Kargi, F. Bioprocess Engineering- Basic Concepts

Evaluation Attendance 10% Mid sem Exam 40% Quiz & assignment 10% 4. End sem Exam 40%

Bioprocess engineering/Biochemical engineering The efficient utilization of physical, chemical and biological processes to convert raw materials into useful products, at minimal cost, with minimal energy consumption, and with minimal impact on the environment.

Bioprocess Engineering Process for developing useful products by taking advantage of natural biological activities. Classical example include making alcoholic beverages – the yeast cells and nutrients (cereal grains) formed a fermentation system in which the organisms consumed the nutrients for the growth and produced by-products (alcohol). Today's modern bioprocess technology is based on the same principle: combining living matter (whole organisms or enzymes) with nutrients under the conditions necessary to make the desired end product.

Bioprocessing Many potential uses of biotechnology are developed through laboratory procedures that generally produce only small amounts of useful substances. As advances in bioprocess technology, particularly, fermentation, separation and purification techniques, are made- commercial firms are able to economically produce these substances in large amounts

Bioprocessing Because bioprocesses use living material, they offer several advantages over conventional chemical methods of production: They usually require lower temperature, pressure, and pH. They can use renewable resources as raw materials; and greater quantities can be produced with less energy consumption.

Bioprocessing In bioprocesses, enzymes are used to catalyze the biochemical reactions by whole microorganisms or their cellular components. The biological catalyst causes the reactions to occur, but is not itself changed. After a series of such reactions (which take place in large vessels called fermentors or fermentation tanks), the initial raw materials are chemically changed to form the desired end product.

Bioprocessing Bioprocesses have become widely used in fields, such as production of enzymes and proteins that are used in: food processing waste management medical research agriculture pharmaceutical development numerous other fields of science and industry.

Microorganisms as production factory Microorganisms in the process of self replication, produce numerous complex macromolecules from about 100 different monomer units. To achieve this a bacterial cell uses well over 1000 different enzymes and a eukaryotic cell may employ twice as many.

Products of Bioprocess Technology

Bioprocessing + Fermentation (upstream processing) Product recovery (downstream processing)

Upstream - Downstream Upstream processing refers to the culturing of cells and microorganisms to create the bulk bio-product. This processing is typically done through cell culture or fermentation Downstream processing includes isolation and purification of the desired product from biological cells.

Upstream -Downstream