FACTORS EFFECTING COST OF BUILDING ELEMENTS

INTRODUCTION The detailed of each elements in the building also have implication on the total cost. Several parts of elements Substructure Frame Upper floors Roofs External walls Internal walls and partitions Window Finishes

SUBSTRUCTURE Soil, excavation plant can influence the time and cost of excavation cost. The type and size of foundation are influence by: Type of construction Load bearing capacity of the soil Type of soil Topography of land

FRAME The main function of the frame is to transfer the building load to the substructure. The cost of frame is influenced by the size of the construction, height of the building, load it will bear and the column span aside.

FRAME The frame used will influence by : Small building Multi-storey building Materials Maintenance Type of frame In-situ concrete frame Precast concrete frame Steel frame

UPPER FLOOR Upper floor can be built either using timber or concrete. for timber floor construction, if the span is large the total cost will increase. For concrete floor, depending on the type of use and the floor span. A solid insitu conrete is heavier than hollow pot floor Hollow precast concrete floor is more expensive

ROOF Consist of pitch and flat roofs Roof structure constructed from steel,concrete or timber Complex roof shapes increase cost for valleys, hips,barge boards etc ROOF COVERING Type :Clay, slate, concrete, metal and combination of several synthetic materials.

ROOF ROOF COVERING Factors that influence cost: Plan shapes of roof Use of pitch roof Type of roof covering Life span of building

EXTERNAL WALL Factors influence element cost: Shape of the building Type and size of opening in a wall Materials for the different type of external wall if the consist of basement wall Type of external cladding Maintenance

INTERNAL WALL & PARTITIONS Dry wall and Wet wall Advantages using internal dry wall: Reduction in cost and structure size due to reduction in dead load Simpler design and detail due to reduction in load Reduction in cost foe preliminary works due to reduction in cost of building works and saving in contract periods

WINDOW Type:timber,steel,aluminium,plastic, and stainless steel Several factor that influence window cost: Material used Method of manufacturing Performance in term of weatherproof, ventilation, and quality of manufacturing Type of glass Type of window

FINISHES Various type of finishes: Floor Wall Ceiling The choice of finishes is depends on the class and type of building Quality : high quality or low quality Suspended ceiling is more expensive because of hanger, runners and others intallation support

FINISHES Type for finishes for suspended ceiling is more expensive compared to in situ finishes (plaster and paint)

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