Primary Science Teaching Resources Monash Science Centre © 2006 How the Body Works

Primary Science Teaching Resources Monash Science Centre © 2006 The human Body Body Parts OrgansFluids Work together to form: BODY SYSTEM Our body systems work together to keep us healthy and help us live Cells Chemical Elements Overview

Primary Science Teaching Resources Monash Science Centre © 2006 External Body Parts ankle arm belly button chest chin ear elbow eye fingers foot hand head heel hip knee leg mouth nose neck shin shoulder thigh toes waist wrist Use the body words to complete the body picture

Primary Science Teaching Resources Monash Science Centre © 2006 External Body Parts Solution

Primary Science Teaching Resources Monash Science Centre © 2006 Organ Function Heart - a hollow, muscular organ responsible for pumping blood through the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. Kidney - are bean-shaped organs, each about the size of your fist. They are located near the middle of your back, just below the rib cage. The kidneys are sophisticated reprocessing machines. Every day, your kidneys process your blood to sift out waste products and extra water. The waste and extra water become urine, which flows to your bladder through tubes called urethras. Your bladder stores urine until you go to the bathroom. Liver - is situated on the upper right-hand side of the abdomen. It is the largest internal organ of the human body, and weighs around 1.5kg in the average adult. Blood from the digestive system must first filter through the liver before it travels anywhere else in the body. The principal roles of the liver include removing toxins and processing food nutrients. Lungs - do a vital job. Each day, you take about 23,000 breaths. Air that you breath in contains several gases, including oxygen, that your cells need to function. With each breath, your lungs add fresh oxygen to your blood, which then carries it to your cells. Pancreas -The pancreas is a glandular organ that secretes digestive enzymes and hormones. In humans, the pancreas is a yellowish organ about 17.8 cm long and 3.8 cm wide.

Primary Science Teaching Resources Monash Science Centre © 2006 Organ Function Stomach - organ of digestion. It has a saclike shape and is located between the esophagus and the intestines. Almost every animal has a stomach. It changes size and shape according to is position of the body and the amount of food inside. The stomach is about 30.5 cm long and 15.2 cm wide at its widest point. Its capacity is about 1 liters in an adult. Small Intestine – is the portal for absorption of virtually all nutrients into blood. Large Intestine - the final part of your digestive tract. Undigested food enters your large intestine from your small intestine. It then reabsorbs water that is used in digestion and eliminates undigested food and fiber. This causes food waste products to harden and form faeces, which are then excreted Brain - gives us the power to think, plan, speak, imagine... It is truly an amazing organ. The brain performs an incredible number of tasks: - It controls body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate and breathing. - It accepts a flood of information about the world around you from your various senses (eyes, ears, nose…) - It handles physical motion when walking, talking, standing or sitting. - It lets you think, dream, reason and experience emotions. All of these tasks are coordinated, controlled and regulated by an organ that is about the size of a small head of cauliflower.

Primary Science Teaching Resources Monash Science Centre © 2006 Internal Body Parts (Organs)

Primary Science Teaching Resources Monash Science Centre © 2006 Internal Body Parts (Organs) Cut out the body parts and stick them on to your body picture. Follow the numbers when sticking the organs down on your body. 9

Primary Science Teaching Resources Monash Science Centre © 2006 Fluids What is the main ingredient in your body? The Human Body is 63% water What fluids (liquids) exist in your body? + Blood + Saliva + Mucus + Pus

Primary Science Teaching Resources Monash Science Centre © 2006 Cells Body parts are not solid structures. They are made from millions of tiny building blocks called CELLS. Cell are like Lego blocks: one individual cell doesn’t make much but if you have lots of pieces to put together you could build anything you like. Each organ in the body has an unique type of cell.

Primary Science Teaching Resources Monash Science Centre © 2006 Looking through a Microscope at Different Cells Microscopes are special instruments that allow us to see small structures that we cannot normally be with our eyes – like cells. Using a microscope and slide of cells or pictures of cells, investigate the different types of cells found in the human body.

Primary Science Teaching Resources Monash Science Centre © 2006 Blood Cells White Blood Cell Red Blood Cells Red blood cells transport oxygen around the body and white blood cells help protect us against infections.

Primary Science Teaching Resources Monash Science Centre © 2006 Liver Cells

Primary Science Teaching Resources Monash Science Centre © 2006 Muscle Cells

Primary Science Teaching Resources Monash Science Centre © 2006 Body Systems Organs & Fluids Cells and Fluids Chemical Elements How the Body is Made Up

Primary Science Teaching Resources Monash Science Centre © 2006 Chemical Elements Smallest building blocks of life What is the most important chemical element in bones? Other facts: Calcium – essential for bone strength Iron – major component of blood cells Silicon – growth and development of bones, cartilage and tissue

Primary Science Teaching Resources Monash Science Centre © 2006 The Periodic Table

Primary Science Teaching Resources Monash Science Centre © 2006 Water Molecule Just like body systems, chemical elements have to work together. Oxygen and Hydrogen combine or work together to make a water molecule.

Primary Science Teaching Resources Monash Science Centre © 2006 The body is made up of… …Chemical elements, which bond together to form… …Cells, which come together to form… …Organs, which work together to create… …Body systems… …Which in turn is the HUMAN BODY