On a new warm-up sheet: What has changed over the last years? (it can be anything)

In 1925 –A school teacher, John Scopes, was charged for teaching evolution in school and was found guilty.

A process that describes species changing over time Explains how modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

1) There are many different creatures on Earth

4.5 billion years old!

1801 – Lamarck  Proposed that organisms went from simple to complex to form new species  Died in 1829 in poverty, rejected, and alone

1. Charles Darwin a. 1809: English born naturalist b. Went on a 5 year voyage on the HMS Beagle as an unpaid scholar  Collected plants & animals during journey c. Darwin did not set out to develop a theory of evolution d. Observations and specimens collected helped Darwin formulate his theory of evolution. Charles Darwin Slide # 8

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Slide # 9 Darwin spent a lot of time and collected a lot of specimens from the Galapagos Islands. Galapagos Islands

1. Animals on Galapagos were similar but not the same as those on mainland S. America & Antarctica 2. Fewer types of organisms on the islands 3. Island species differ from mainland species & from island to island Ex. Finches on Galapagos resemble mainland finch, but there were more types on the islands Slide # 11

Pinta Island Intermediate shell Pinta Isabela Island Dome-shaped shell Hood Island Saddle-backed shell Hood Floreana Santa Fe Santa Cruz James Marchena Fernandina Isabela Tower Each island had a variation of tortoise; long & short neck corresponded to type of vegetation. Slide # 12

 Pick up Over-View 1-pager of Notes  Turn in Gallery Walk (3 rd and 6 th ) 1.What is evolution? 2.List one evidence ( there were 5) and give a description about it

-Established by Darwin -Describes how organisms change over time -5 evidences: -Fossil Record -Biochemical (DNA similarities) -Biogeography -Embryo Development -Comparative Anatomy -Homologous Structures -Analogous Structures -Vestigial Organs

What is it? Fossils show preserved organisms found in rock They can tell you many things: What are some examples? 1) an estimate of how old the fossils are 2) how organisms have changed over time into different species 3) How the environment has changed in that area

Which rock layer is the oldest? Which fossil is older: a fossil in layer 4 or a fossil in layer 2? What observations did you make about the organisms in layers 1-3 and 4-5? What does this tell you about the type of environment?

Although scientists have a found a lot of fossils (and still continue to find them!), they still have missing pieces in the fossil records of species. The camel however, has a nearly complete fossil record of it’s evolution

Transitional species are the missing link to certain organisms. Meet Tiktaalik! This is a transitional species between water and land species!

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What is it? -Bio = life -Geography = layout of land  The study of life across Geographical areas How is this evidence for Evolution? (again…what is evolution?)

What is it? every living thing has DNA, it’s the universal genetic code (A,T,G,C) The DNA sequences of closely related species are very similar If they’re closely related = they shared a common ancestor! Which species is more closely related to the human? Why? Which species is the least related to the human? Why? How is this evidence for evolution?

What is it? Embryo is the earliest form in the development of an organism Embryos of organisms are very similar during this time which suggests a common ancestor! This shows the embryos of a salamander, human, rabbit, turtle, and chick. Can you tell which is which??

What is it? body parts that have a similar skeletal layout, but different functions SIMILARITY: the layout; how bones are organized DIFFERENCE: the function What is the picture showing?

Question: Do you think a snake has leg bones? Why or why not? How about a whale having hip bones? Why or why not? The organs or structures that no longer have a purpose in a species, but are still there are called vestigial organs. These structures once served a purpose, but through evolution have become less functional and will eventually (over years and years and obviously years) disappear!

When organisms have similar structure Ex. Chicken wing and a human arm

You have 5 minutes to review over your vocab words. Vocab quiz today!!

Is your DNA more similar to your parents or a friend? Recall: DNA  gene  protein  physical trait and Evolution = a change in a population over time Where does this change initially happen????

Cause variation (difference of traits) Can be helpful (increase ability to survive/reproduce) Can be harmful (decrease ability to survive/reproduce) Helpful mutations leads to adaptations

Within a population of peppered moths, purple is the only trait. A mutation causes a yellow colored moth. These moths in particular live in an environment that is full of purple colored flowers. What is the variation? Is this mutation helpful or harmful and why? What will the future populations have mostly?

Within a population of peppered moths, purple is the only trait. A mutation causes a yellow colored moth. These moths now live in an environment that gets really cold and snows. What is the variation? Is this mutation helpful or harmful? Why? In the future, what will the population have mostly?

What is the variation? What caused this variation? Is this helpful or harmful? Differences in neck length Genetic Mutation Helpful – increases chance of giraffe getting food which means it has a higher chance of staying alive Giraffes originally had short necks. A random mutation caused some giraffes to be born with long necks. The food for giraffes is located high up in the trees, giving long-necked giraffes an advantage for finding and reaching food.

PREDICT: what will happen OVER TIME to the giraffe population? BIG IDEA: Long-necked giraffes survived and reproduced! Long-necked giraffes were better able to survive. Long-necked giraffes were therefore able to live long and reproduce to pass on their genes to their offspring. We now only see long- necked giraffes on earth today

How does evolution occur?

Natural Selection : the process where individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species. This is also called survival of the fittest The organisms with the favorable trait are “fit” and able to survive and pass on the trait

Review: How did this variation result? Mutation

These “better” traits are called ADAPTATIONS.

Discuss: Over time, which population will “grow” and which will not?

This means…… The species is evolving.

Must be in complete sentences. Turn in when finished. Topics to pick from: 1.Describe Darwin’s journey and how this led him to develop the Theory of Evolution. Define Evolution in your summary. 2. Write about 3 out of the 5 evidences and how each supports evolution. 3.What is the connection between DNA and evolution? Define evolution and then discuss where this change initially happens at. 4.Discuss a mutation and the 4 properties of a mutation. 5.Mutations can be helpful or harmful. Describe what this means and then give an example for each. (not the examples we used…think of your own)

Write a summary that includes the following words in complete sentences. -Mutation -Evolution -DNA -Helpful mutation with example -Harmful mutation with example -Variation Must be 3-5 sentences long. Turn in when your finished.