Dinesh Bhutada MAHARASTRA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY “OPTIMIZATION & PERFOMANCE PREDICTION OF ANAEROBIC FLUIDISED BED REACTOR (AFBR) FOR EFFLUENT TREATMENT” Dinesh Bhutada Department of Petroleum & Petrochemical Engineering MAHARASTRA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Pune - 411 038 11 September 2009

CONENTS… INTRODUCTION WASTE WATER TREATMENT AT GLANCE ANAEROBIC & AEROBIC TREATMENT HISTORY OF ANAEROBIC TREATMENT PROCESS UASB TECHNOLOGY (BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT) AT GLANCE NEED FOR FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR TECH DEVELOPMENT AFBR PROCESS CURRENT CHALLENGES OPTIMIZATION WITH MODELLING OF AFBR EXPERIMENTAL SETUP TO BE DEVELOPED METHODOLOGY SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY ANALYTICAL METHODS TO BE USED

Waste-water Treatment – At a Glance Waste-water treatment unit Operations and Process

ANAEROBIC PROCESS AT A GLANCE Figure 1. Comparison of the COD balance during anaerobic and aerobic treatment of wastewater containing organic pollution

Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Biogrannules developed inside the UASB Reactor Dr. Gatez Lettinga, The Netherlands Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)

FBR FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT- AT A GLANCE Major Advantages of Anaerobic FBR: CH4 Production which can be used as Fuel Supply of O2 limitation is not present Very Low Surplus Sludge and Nutrients Comparison of FBR with Conventional Biological Treatment FLOCCULATED SLUDGE FLUIDIZED BED 1. Settling rate 1 m/hr 1. Settling rate 50 m/hr 2. Inert sediments accumulates in sludge 2. Inert Sediment washes through reactor 3. Biomass 5 Kg/m3 3. Biomass 40 kg/m3 4. Superficial liquid velocity < 1 m / hr 4. Superficial liquid velocity 10-30 m/hr 5. Reactors are large, low & wide 5. Reactors are compact, Tall & Slender 6. Large Area Requirement 6. Small Area Requirement

ANAEROBIC SLUDGE GRANULES (SETTLING)

SCHEMATIC OF ANAEROBIC FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR WITH SUPPORT MATERIAL

BIOFILM FORMATION PROCESS THREE LAYER STRUCTURE OF BIOGRANULE

OBJECTIVE OF PRESENT STUDY Focuses on duel experimental and theoretical study on AFBR. AFBR containing Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) is an emerging technology for organic compounds resistant to aerobic Treatment. Main objective is to develop feasibility and alternative studies for FBR-GAC for waste water treatment. For Bed Fluidization Application of Richardson & Zaki model and its optimization and Performance prediction for treatment of selected petrochemical wastewater. Study of effect of increase solid loadings stepwise, flow rates, effects on CH4 production Hydrodynamics characteristics, namely minimum fluidization velocity, bed expansion study will gives detail of internal activity of Fluidized bed Reactor for various flow rates and sizes of support material. The developed Mathematical Correlation and Experimental Result can be used for Scale up and can be utilized in future study.

MODELS FOR AFBR BIOFILM MODEL: Which describes the substrate conversion kinetics within the individual granule. BED FLUIDIZATION MODEL: Which describes the distribution of biogranules inside the fluidized bed volume. (Richardson and Zaki Model) REACTOR FLOW MODEL: Which links the biofilm and the bed fluidization models to yield substrate concentration as function of axial position (Height) within the reactor.

METHODOLOGY & TECHNIQUES TO BE USED standardization of setup and analytical instrument will be done. Dry runs to check leakages Systematic characterization of wastewater with their detail component analysis. Optimization and performance prediction for various parameters like Terminal settling velocities Minimum Fluidization Velocity, Catalyst loading, application of different support material (Type, size, structure) different feeds and concentration, flow rate for various COD Conversion. the values of (Vb/VR), u and t for which the largest reduction in COD will occur. The data will be used to fit into Mathematical Correlation, which will be used for prediction of Performance of the system under different operating parameters. Several Flow rate will be evaluated to determine the proper Mass Loading rate (Mass of wastewater per reactor volume per time, kg/m3 per day). The effects of operational conditions such as Organic Loading Rate (OLR), Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) will be investigated to achieve maximum COD removal.

Schematic diagram of Proposed Fluidized Bed Reactor Setup EXPERIMENTAL SETUP TOBE DEVELOPED IN STUDY Schematic diagram of Proposed Fluidized Bed Reactor Setup FB - Fluidized Bed GL - Gas-Liquid separator P - Pumps F - Funnel RP - Recycling Pump S - Settler for Sand (support) recovery SM - Support Medium IT - Influent Tank with Magnetic stirrer SP - Sampling Points

CURRENT CHALLENGES Biofilm do not remain constant. (Shape & Size) Longer startups required. (To get established biofilm) Biofilm modeling is not fully explored and is challenge.

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY Conventional treatment of effluent from Chemical industry includes Primary, secondary treatment. They are mainly pH neutralization, Aeration, Sedimentation, Activated sludge process, Secondary settlement, drying of sludge on sand beds. Selecting Fluidized bed for waste treatment can provide improved circulation which can reduce COD (85% - 90%), along with time reduction for treatment of wastewater and generation of energy in form of CH4. Use of particles such as Sand, advanced Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) will improve contact between solid and liquid. Fluidized bed reactors can be associated in above conventional treatment process at Tertiary level, which can improve the efficiency of process which can helps to achieve limits for waste water for disposal as per BIS Standards or for reuse

ANALYTICAL METHODS USED FOR ANALYSIS OF WASTEWATER SAMPLES Sr. No. PARAMETER ANALYTICAL METHODS AS PER STANDARD METHOD, 1989, 17TH EDITION REMARKS 01 02 03 04 Total Solids (TS) 2540 B Total Solids Dried at 103-1050C   Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 2540 D Total suspended solids Dried at 1030C-1050C Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 2540 C Total suspended solids Dried at 1030C-1050C Volatile Solids (VS) 2540 D Fixed and Volatile Solids Ignited at 5500 C 05 Fixed Solids (FS) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 5 days-at 200C 2540 E Fixed and Volatile Solids Ignited at 5500C 5220 B Open Reflux Method 06 Dilution 10 % to 100% adopted 07 5210 B 5 Days BOD Test After Adjusting pH to 7, near neutral) Dilution 0.1% to 1% adopted 08 pH Value 4500 B Electrometric Method Digital pH meter is used 09 Nephloturbidity meter 10 11 Turbidity

SPECIAL THANKS TO…. Prof. (Dr) L. K. Kshirsagar, Principal, MIT, Pune Prof. (Dr.) P. B. Jadhav, Head, Petroleum Engineering Deptt. Prof. D. B. Dandge, Head, Petrochemical Engg Department

THANK YOU !