© 2015 Cengage Learning Chapter 12 Behind Bars: The Life of an Inmate

Learning Outcomes LO1: Explain the concept of prison as a total institution. LO2: Indicate some of the reasons for violent behavior in prisons. LO3: Describe the hands-off doctrine of prisoner law and indicated two standards used to determine if prisoners’ rights have been violated. LO4: Contrast parole, expiration release, pardon, and furlough. LO5: Explain the goal of prisoner reentry programs. © 2015 Cengage Learning

LO1 Explain the concept of prison as a total institution. © 2015 Cengage Learning

Total Institutions Total institutions –Provides all of the necessities for existence to those who live within its boundaries Prisonization process –Adaptation to prison culture © 2015 Cengage Learning

Total Institutions © 2015 Cengage Learning

Total Institutions Who is in prison? –Aging inmate population –Mentally ill inmates What programs are in prison? –Substance abuse treatment –Vocational/educational programs © 2015 Cengage Learning

LO2 Indicate some of the reasons for violent behavior in prisons. © 2015 Cengage Learning

Prison Violence How Violent are Prisons? –Reasons for violence in prison culture: Provides a deterrent against victimization Enhances self-image Provides sexual relief Means of acquiring material goods Deprivation model © 2015 Cengage Learning

Prison Violence How Violent are Prisons? –Riots Relative deprivation –Issues of race and ethnicity Separate worlds Prison segregation –Prison gangs and security threat groups (STGs) The prevalence of prison gangs Combating prison gangs Mark Allen Johnson/ZUMA © 2015 Cengage Learning

Prison Violence How Do Correctional Officers Maintain Control? –Rank and duties of correctional officers Block officers Work detail supervisors Industrial shop and school officers Yard officers Tower guards Administrative building positions © 2015 Cengage Learning

Prison Violence How Do Correctional Officers Maintain Control? –Discipline Legitimate security interests –Acting in self-defense –Acting to defend safety of a third person –Upholding the rules of the institution –Preventing a crime –Preventing an escape effort The “malicious and sadistic” standard AP Photo/David Duprey © 2015 Cengage Learning

LO3 Describe the hands-off doctrine of prisoner law and indicated two standards used to determine if prisoners’ rights have been violated. © 2015 Cengage Learning

Restrictions 13 th Amendment Hands-off Doctrine: –Unwritten doctrine assumes the care of inmates should be left to prison officials and not in the place of judges to interview in penal administrative matters. © 2015 Cengage Learning

Restrictions Deliberate Indifference Standard: –Estelle v. Gamble –Violation of 8 th amendment if prison officials deliberately failed to provide a person with necessary medical care. © 2015 Cengage Learning

Restrictions Identifiable Human Needs –Standard for determining a violation of 8 th amendment –Prisoner must show the prison denied him/her basic needs such as food, warmth, or exercise. AP Photo/Andy Duback © 2015 Cengage Learning

Restrictions Are Women’s Prisons Different? –Characteristics of Female Inmates A history of abuse Other health problems –The motherhood problem –Violence in women’s prisons –Pseudo-Family –Sexual violence © 2015 Cengage Learning

LO4 Contrast parole, expiration release, pardon, and furlough. © 2015 Cengage Learning

Release When and How are Inmates Released from Prison? –Types of prison release Parole Mandatory release (expiration release) Pardon Furlough Noah Berger/Bloomberg via Getty Images © 2015 Cengage Learning

Release When and How are Inmates Released from Prison? –Discretionary release Eligibility from parole The parole board The parole hearing © 2015 Cengage Learning

Release When and How are Inmates Released from Prison? –Parole supervision Conditions of parole Parole officers Parole revocation © 2015 Cengage Learning

Figure 12.3 Prisoner Reentry Issues © 2015 Cengage Learning

LO5 Explain the goal of prisoner reentry programs. © 2015 Cengage Learning

Reentry What Happens to Ex-Inmates? –Prisoner reentry –Barriers to reentry Life challenges Recidivism rates © 2015 Cengage Learning

Reentry What Happens to Ex-Inmates? –Positive reinforcement on parole Work release programs Halfway houses © 2015 Cengage Learning

CAREERPREP Halfway House Program Manager Job Description: Coordinate recreational, educational, and vocational counseling, and other programs for residents. Also, maintain the security of the house and the residents. Serve as a mediator between the residents and the community and as an advocate for the halfway house with community groups. What Kind of Training Is Required? A bachelor’s degree or master’s degree in social work, career counseling, criminal justice, or psychology. Also helpful are internships, volunteer work with a halfway house, or community service work through an agency. Annual Salary Range? $29,390–$45,550. For additional information, visit: ,00.html Benjamin F. Fink, Jr./Brand X Pictures/Jupiterimages © 2015 Cengage Learning

Reentry What Happens to Ex-Inmates? –The special case of sex offenders Sex offender notification laws –Megan’s Law Active and passive notification AP Photo/Francis Specker © 2015 Cengage Learning

Reentry What Happens to Ex-Inmates? –The special case of sex offenders Conditions of release –No contact with children under 16 –Continued psychiatric treatment –Permission to change residences –Stay a certain distance from schools/parks –Cannot own toys that could lure children –Cannot have job that involves interacting with children © 2015 Cengage Learning