An inner product on a vector space V is a function that, to each pair of vectors u and v in V, associates a real number and satisfies the following.

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An inner product on a vector space V is a function that, to each pair of vectors u and v in V, associates a real number and satisfies the following axioms, for all u, v, w in V and all scalars c : …

…

A vector space with an inner product is called an inner product space.

Fix any two positive numbers- say, 4 and 5-and for vectors u= (u 1, u 2 ) and v = (v 1, v 2 ) in R 2, set Show that it defines an inner product.

Let V be P 2, with the inner product from Ex 2 where t 0 = 0, t 1 = 1/2, and t 2 = 1. Let p(t) = 12t 2 and q(t) = 2t – 1. Compute …

…

Let V be an inner product space, with the inner product denoted by. Just as in R n, we define the length or norm of a vector v to be the scalar …

A unit vector is one whose length is 1. The distance between u and v is. Vectors u and v are orthogonal if.

Compute the lengths of the vectors in Ex 3

Let V be P 4 with the inner product in Ex 2 involving evaluation of polynomials at –2, –1, 0, 1, and 2, and view P2 as a subspace of V. …

Produce an orthogonal basis for P 2 by applying the Gram- Schmidt process to the polynomials 1, t, and t 2.

Let V be P4 with the inner product in Ex 5 and let p 0, p 1, and p 2 be the orthogonal basis for the subspace P 2. Find the best approximation to p(t)=5-(1/2)t 4 by polynomials in P 2.

…

For f, g in C [ a, b ], set Show that it defines an inner product on C [ a, b ].

Let V be the space C [0, 1] with the inner product …

Let W be the subspace spanned by the polynomials p 1 (t) = 1, p 2 (t) = 2t –1, and p 3 (t) = 12t 2. Use the Gram-Schmidt process to find an orthogonal basis for W.