Human Dentition Introduction Dental Anatomy Includes: 1- Nomenclature & terminology. 2- The external morphology and internal composition of individual teeth. 3-How tooth form serves its function. 4- The relationship of teeth to each other and to the jaw bones.

Dental Anatomy The Jaws & Dental Arches

The Jaws and Dental Arches A. The maxilla is two bones forming the upper jaw; they are rigidly attached to the skull. B. The mandible is a horse-shoe shaped bone which articulates with the skull by way of the temporo-mandibular joint the TMJ.

Quadrants: right & left quadrants Maxillary right and left. Mandibular right 4 Quadrants Right Left

Functions of Teeth 1- Mastication: Incisors Canine Premolars Molars teeth are designed to perform this function. Incisors Canine Premolars Molars Chisel like Cutting or incising At least two projections (cusps). Tearing and grinding Wedge like Cutting and tearing Multiple projections (cusps) Grinding

2- Appearance: 3- Speech: 4- Growth of jaws: - Well arranged clean teeth with proper alignment give nice appearance to the face. – Teeth give support to the facial expressions. 3- Speech: for clear pronunciation and production of sound. 4- Growth of jaws: The teeth play a role in the growth of the jaws in some periods of life.

Types of Teeth

Types of Teeth Anterior Teeth Posterior Teeth for cutting & tearing food Posterior Teeth

Anterior Teeth Canine (tears) Cuspids/ lateral and Central Incisors (bites into food)

Premolars: (in permanent only) Upper First premolar & Second premolar Lower All Molars grind food

Molars: Upper Lower First & second Wisdom tooth = Third permanent molar

Types of Dentitions: Primary & Permanent Dentition

Primary Teeth

Permanent Teeth Cte math 1

Example of a Line Graph Plant's Height Plant Height Cte math 2

Students will make a line graph! Permanent Teeth Students will make a line graph! Students will draw their own graph. CTE Math 3

Glucose changes over time At 9 a.m., Sally checks her glucose level. According to the chart, what is her level? At 12 p.m., Sally checks her glucose level. According to the chart, what is her level? 3. Why are line graphs so important in the medical field? Cte math 4

THE END This ends with the CTE/MATH Program.

Types of Dentitions: I-Primary Dentition Deciduous ,baby, milk teeth: a. Twenty ( 20) primary teeth. b. 10 in each arch c. 5 in each quadrant In function: 2 years  12 years

I-Primary Dentition

Mixed Dentition Period 6 years  12 years Eruption of first permanent molar Shedding of last primary molar

6 years  eruption of first permanent molar

12 years  Shedding of last primary molar

II-Permanent Dentition In function: 12 years through out life

Tooth Identification Systems Numbering or Coding Systems Palmer Notation System Universal System International FDI System (two digit system)

Universal system for Permanent Teeth

Universal System for Primary Teeth

Macro & Micro-anatomy of Teeth crown neck root

Surrounding Bone: Crypt  developing tooth Socket  erupted tooth root

Anatomical Crown & Clinical Crown

Single-rooted Multi-rooted

Micro-anatomy of Teeth

Pulp Cavity 1-Coronal pulp: Pulp chamber Pulp horns 2-Radicular pulp: Root canal Apical foramen

Pulp Cavity in Root 2-Radicular pulp: Root canal Apical foramen

Surfaces of Teeth

Surfaces of teeth are identified by the relationship to surrounding orofacial structures Each tooth has Five surfaces: Facial Lingual, Mesial, and Distal (proximal) Functioning surf. (Incisal) occlusal,

FACIAL SURFACE any surface on the outside (towards the face) LABIAL is facial surface of the anterior teeth (green), 2. BUCCAL is the facial surface of the posterior teeth (blue).

Surfaces in between two teeth: Inter-proximal surfaces: Surfaces in between two teeth: Facing towards the midline: MESIAL. Facing away from the midline:  DISTAL

LINGUAL The surfaces facing the tongue palatal PALATAL on the maxilla.

Functioning Surfaces: chewing/biting surfaces of teeth : OCCLUSAL: chewing surfaces of posterior teeth INCISAL: the anteriors’ biting surface

Line and Point Angles Division into Thirds

Line and Point Angles Line angle: Point angle: It is formed by the junction of two surfaces and its name is derived from both surfaces Point angle: It is formed by the junction of three surfaces and its name is derived from these surfaces.

Line Angles of Anterior Teeth

Line Angles of Posterior Teeth

Point Angles Meeting of 3 surfaces

Division into Thirds

Anatomical Landmarks of the Crown Developmental data: Lobe: It is one of the primary centers of calcification and growth formed during the crown development. Each tooth begins to develop from four lobes or more. The pulp chamber has pulp horns corresponding to these lobes.

Anterior teeth premolars

Maxillary molars Mandibular molars

A- Crown Elevations: 3-Cusps 1-Mamelons 2-Cingulum They are three small rounded projections of enamel present in the incisal third of newly erupted incisors It is the bulge on the cervical third of lingual surface of the crown in anterior teeth They are pyramidal projections on the incisal portion of the canine and on the occlusal surfaces of the premolars and molars

4-Tubercle It is a small elevation produced by excessive formation of enamel. Tubercle is noticed at : the palatal surface of E & 6 sometimes at the lingual surface of incisors over the cingulum. N.B. Tubercle differs from cusp , it is formed of enamel only while cusp is formed of pulp horn covered by dentin and enamel.

5-Ridges Marginal Linear Triangular Linear ridges: Ridge or elevation of enamel forming the margin of the surface of a tooth; on mesial /distal margins of lingual surfaces anterior teeth. mesial & distal margins of occlusal surfaces posterior teeth Linear ridges: Elevated portions of tooth run in a line named for their location Cervical Incisal Labial Buccal Lingual Transverse Ridge Oblique Ridge

B-Crown Depressions Linear Depressions Irregular Depressions 1-Fossa 1-Developmental grooves: Shallow grooves that separate cusps or primary parts of teeth 1-Fossa Depression or concavity 2- Supplemental grooves: Lingual fossa Small , irregularly placed auxiliary grooves. Branches from developmental grooves. They do not denote union of primary lobes. The third molars followed by second permanent molars are characterized by high number of supplemental grooves. triangular fossae Central fossa

Irregular Depressions Linear Depressions Irregular Depressions 3- Fissures 2- PITS: Found in the bottom of developmental grooves. Result from incomplete union of the primary lobes. Represent a fault in enamel. b- FAULTY PIT: Develop as a result of incomplete formation of enamel. It is located at the end of the buccal developmental grooves of the lower molars or palatal developmental grooves of the upper molars.