Ethnography Deep understanding Study behavior in natural settings Requires substantial time & emotion labor

 Life History Interviews with samples of current & former:  White Supremacists/Neo-Nazis  Left-Wing Extremists (Weather Underground, ALF/ELF etc.)  Jihadi Extremists  Conventional Street Gangs (Bloods, Crips, MS- 13 etc.)

 Oldest branch  Reconstruction Era  Guerilla Warfare  Second Era  1920s  4-5 million members nationwide  Third Era  Civil Rights Movement  Active Campaign of Terror  Current Era  Splintered into more than 60 Klans across the US  Overlaps with other branches of white power movement

 Theological wing of the movement  Uses Bible to justify beliefs including violence  “the Jews” are literal descendants of Satan & “Nonwhites” (“Mudpeople”) are subhuman

 Newest and youngest branch of the white power movement  Derived from British working-class youth subculture  Distinct style including music to promote racial extremism

 Most significant trend since WWII has been “Nazification” of white power movement  Idolize Nazi Germany as model nation state and Hitler as prophet  Helped build global connections among members of white power movement

 Racial Superiority  White Victimization  Anti-Govt. (“ZOG”)  “Racial Kinship”

protected  Physical and social sites relatively protected from agents of formal social control  Provide opportunities for recruitment and sustaining collective identity (or a sense of “we”) produced  Backstage where political activism & violence (including terrorism) is produced

Negative Emotions (e.g., anger, depression, etc.) Negative Emotions (e.g., anger, depression, etc.) Adolescent Conduct Problems (e.g., aggressive behavior, truancy, etc.) Adolescent Conduct Problems (e.g., aggressive behavior, truancy, etc.) Early Childhood Trauma (e.g., family dysfunction, victimization, etc.) Early Childhood Trauma (e.g., family dysfunction, victimization, etc.) Extremist Participation Dimension 1: Coping Mechanisms Dimension 2: Supportive Context Extremist Participation Dimension 1: Coping Mechanisms Dimension 2: Supportive Context Family Socialization Toward Extremist Beliefs Familiarity and Desensitization Toward Extremist Ideology and Groups Dimension 1 Dimension 2

 Free spaces can be hard to detect › Encourages misperception that white power extremism is a “thing of the past”  Paradoxical relationship to violence  Threat remains obscured in post-911 era  Long-term consequences still unknown

88 (Heil Hitler), 18 (Adolf Hitler), 28 (Blood & Honour), 38 (Confederate Hammerskins), 311 (Ku Klux Klan) 14 Words (we must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children) RAHOWA (racial holy war) SWP (supreme white power) ZOG (Zionist Occupied Government)

Rock, Punk, Heavy Metal, Folk, Country Skrewdriver, Brutal Attack, Youngland, Hate Crime, Jewslaughter