Plant Transport

3. Transpiration, the loss of water from leaves (mostly through stomata), creates a force within leaves that pulls xylem sap upward. 4. Through stomata, leaves take in CO2 and expel O2. The CO2 provides carbon for photosynthesis. Some O2 produced by photosynthesis is used in cellular respiration. 2. Water and minerals are transported upward from roots to shoots as xylem sap. 1. Roots absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil. 6. Sugars are transported as phloem sap to roots and other parts of the plant. 5. Sugars are produced by photosynthesis in the leaves. 7. Roots exchange gases with the air spaces of soil, taking in O2, and discharging CO2. In cellular respiration, O2 supports the breakdown of sugars.

Water Movement in Xylem

Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor into the air through pores in their leaves called stomata. How it works: Water is pulled up the stem of the plant by the strong attraction of water molecules to each other called cohesion. Water moves up the plant, from the roots towards the leaves, because of a strong attraction between the water molecules and the stem wall called adhesion.

Capillary action is the rise of liquids in narrow tubes Capillary action is the rise of liquids in narrow tubes. It also contributes to the movement of water up xylem Notice the smaller the tube the higher the water rises (due to adhesion)

Animation

Transport of Gases- Stoma Animation on Stomata

Stoma also affect water conservation/loss

Water is lost from these main areas of a plant: Stomata – in the leaves, account for about 90% of water loss Cuticle – the waxy layer, some water is lost through diffusion Water moves through the plant from roots to leaves and is lost to the air as water vapor.

stem roots

stem roots Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis

stem Water and ions pass up xylem roots Water enters roots by osmosis

stem Water and ions pass up xylem roots Water enters roots by osmosis

stem Water and ions pass up xylem roots Water enters roots by osmosis

The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream stem Water and ions pass up xylem roots Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis

The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream stem Water and ions pass up xylem roots Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis

The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream stem Water and ions pass up xylem roots Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis

roots stem Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis Water and ions pass up xylem The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream Transpiration water evaporates from leaves

roots stem Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis Water and ions pass up xylem The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream Transpiration water evaporates from leaves Mineral ions enter by active transport Transpiration water evaporates from leaves The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream stem Water and ions pass up xylem roots Water enters roots by osmosis

roots stem Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis Water and ions pass up xylem The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream Transpiration water evaporates from leaves Mineral ions enter by active transport Transpiration water evaporates from leaves The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream stem Water and ions pass up xylem roots Mineral ions enter by active transport Water enters roots by osmosis

roots stem Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis Water and ions pass up xylem The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream Transpiration water evaporates from leaves Mineral ions enter by active transport

roots stem Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis Water and ions pass up xylem The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream Transpiration water evaporates from leaves Mineral ions enter by active transport Photosynthesis produces sugar in the leaves

roots stem Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis Water and ions pass up xylem The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream Transpiration water evaporates from leaves Mineral ions enter by active transport Photosynthesis produces sugar in the leaves

roots stem Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis Water and ions pass up xylem The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream Transpiration water evaporates from leaves Mineral ions enter by active transport Photosynthesis produces sugar in the leaves

roots stem Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis Water and ions pass up xylem The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream Transpiration water evaporates from leaves Mineral ions enter by active transport Photosynthesis produces sugar in the leaves Sugar is transported in phloem

roots stem Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis Water and ions pass up xylem The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream Transpiration water evaporates from leaves Mineral ions enter by active transport Photosynthesis produces sugar in the leaves Sugar is transported in phloem

Rates of Transpiration Deforestation decreases the rate of transpiration in an area due to the large-scale removal of forest which normally adds water vapor to the air This can have a serious effect upon the water cycle and the climate

Loss of Transpiration

Stomata