Plant Notes:
Plants: Multicellular eukaryotes Cell walls of cellulose Autotrophic (photosynthesis) Carbon dioxide + water + light Oxygen + glucose
Types of Plants: Non-Vascular: no system for transporting water or sugar Must be low to the ground and only a few cells thick Examples include moss
Types of Plants: Vascular: contain a system for transporting water & sugar Xylem: carries water Phloem: carries sugar (food) Examples: house plants, trees, ferns
Plant Structures: Roots: Functions: Anchors plant Absorb minerals and water from the soil Store food (in some cases) Types of Roots: Fibrous (grass) Taproot (carrot)
Plant Structures: Stems: Functions: Support leaves Transport water up (xylem) Transport sugar throughout (phloem) Types of stems: Woody: increase in size every year Herbaceous: live only one growing season (green)
Plant Structures: Leaves: Function: Trap light for photosynthesis, thin so light can pass through Structures: Cuticle: waxy layer on top of leaf prevents water loss made of lipids Epidermis: outermost layer of cells
Plant Structures: Leaf Structure: Stomata: openings allow Carbon dioxide in and Oxygen out Guard cells: open and close stomata Mesophyll: photosynthetic cells (with chlorophyll) Vascular bundle: xylem and phloem
Plant Structures: Flowers: Function: to attract insects to pollinate egg and make seed (protects embryo and food supply) Structures: Sepal: usually green encircles flower Petals: leaf-like, colorful
Plant Structures: Flower Structure: Stamen: male reproductive parts Anther: holds pollen Filament: holds anther in air Pistil (carpel): female reproductive parts Stigma: sticky surface where pollen lands Style: tube leading from stigma to ovary Ovary: place where egg is produced
Angiosperms: Flowering plants 2 kinds: monocots and dicots Gymnosperms: Seeds in cones (evergreens)
Monocots vs. Dicots: Monocots: 1 seed leaf long leaves with parallel veins petals in multiples of 3 Dicots: 2 seed leaves broad leaves with branched veins 4 or 5 petals