PLANTS

FLOWERS LEAVES STEMS ROOTS

ROOTS Tap Root Fibrous Root Plant organ function: take up water and dissolved minerals from soil Usually found underground (exception- aerial roots) Tissues Xylem- Transports water Phloem- Transports Sugar (Phloem Food) Plant Adaptation: Aerial Roots- allow plants to grow on other surfaces Pneumatophores- allow for oxygen exchange in swamp environments Deep Roots- Grow deep in hot climates to avoid heat and find water

EXAMPLES OF ROOTS WE EAT

STEMS Plant organ function- used to keep the plant upright. Contains vascular tissue (xylem, phloem)to transport water and sugars Xylem- water up from roots Phloem- food down from leaves Plant Adaptation: Water Storage in arid (dry) climates

EXAMPLES OF STEMS WE EAT

LEAVES Plant organ function: primarily to carry out photosynthesis. Cuticle Epidermis Mesophyll Plant organ function: primarily to carry out photosynthesis. Mesophyll layer contains many chloroplast Contains a vein bundle of vascular tissue (xylem, phloem)to transport water and sugars Guard cells open and close around the stomata to allow for gas exchange Vein Stomata Guard Cell Plant Adaptation: Spines- reduce water loss Tendrils- allow plants to climb

EXAMPLES OF LEAVES WE EAT

Flowers Reproductive Structure: Flower Ripened Ovary= Fruit Male gamete carried in pollen Plant organ function- sexual reproduction Male and Female Parts Male- Stamen Filament Anther Female- Pistil Stigma Style Ovary

EXAMPLES OF FLOWERS WE EAT

SEED Numerous Functions: Provide food for the embryo Dispersal of the plant to a new location Dormancy when weather is unfavorable for plant growth. ** Can remain dormant for years – not dependent on water.

FRUITS Many Types of Fruits Ripened Ovary of Angiosperms- flowering plants How do Seeds get Dispersed? Animal Eats- Animal Poops- Instant Fertilizer!! Not all Fruits are Edible or Sweet

ARE THOSE SEEDS? This is the Fruit This is NOT the Fruit

Plant Responses - Tropisms Tropism- plant response to certain stimulus Gravitropism- gravity Phototropism- light touch Thigmotropism-touch

Plant Defenses Secondary Compounds Plants make chemicals to deter insects from eating plants. If a plant has milky sap it is probably dangerous Ex. Capsaicin- Peppers Akaloids- Nicotine, Caffeine, Morphine Cannabinoids- Cannabis Cyanogenic Glycosides- cyanide Cardioactive Glycosides- instant heart attack Terpenoids- plant oils

WEIRD PLANTS “Carnivorous” Plants- of the 11 genera Texas has 10!!! Plants don’t really eat, they dissolve insects to get the Nitrogen