Bellringer What parts of plants can you name? What processes occur in plants? Can you name three of each? Do you know how those parts relate to each process?

Plant Parts and Processes Mix of chapters

Plants Plants are photosynthesis machines. They depend on sunlight and store chemical energy (usually in the form of sugars) to be used later. Later you will see that all plants and animals are closely related by using the same products and reactants.

5 Processes in plants There are 5 physiological processes for plants: Photosynthesis (cell stores light into sugar) Cell respiration (cell converts sugar into energy) Transpiration (cell moves O2, CO2, and H2O in and out) Growth (cells grow, organism grows) Reproduction (cells make more cells) All plant organs are used for one or more of these purposes. Will be the next presentation and topic in class!

4 Plant Tissues Dermal - tissue is the outer layer of cells of the plant/leaves. Protects the plant. Ground – provides most of support in interior of plants. Stores materials as well. Vascular – surrounded by ground tissue and transports water in the plant. (Made of xylem and phloem.) Meristematic – tissue in plant cells that are designed to reproduce and grow.

4 Plant Tissues The dermal tissue is the outer layer of cells of the plant/leaves. Special epidermal cells, called guard cells, surround pores in leaves. The pores in leaves are called stomata (singular stoma), this is where gas exchange occurs. The gases are water loss, CO 2 uptake, and O 2 release or uptake This is the process of transpiration

Sound familiar? Cuticle Little hairs here are called trichomes Dermal Ground

Sound familiar? Meso = middle Epi = over/on

Transpiration You’ll remember the gases that move around during photosynthesis

Notice the three layers shown here

Roots Root cap – Tip of a root that has growing tissues and has the newest cells. Root hairs – Small hairs that come off of the root that draw more water into the root (more surface area) Xylem – carries water and dissolved minerals up from roots. Phloem – carries products of photosynthesis around cell.

Reproductive Organs Stamen – Male sexual organ of plants (made of filament and anther) Pistil – female sexual organ for plants (stigma, style, ovary) Egg – contained within the ovary Sepal – supports the petals Petals – attract insects to plant (flowery part)

AKA: Pistil

Female Male Pistil ( Carpel ) Stigma – “sticky” part of the carpel that allows pollen to attach Style - the tube that pollen will travel down to reach to ovary Ovary – the future seeds of the plant that must be united with the pollen Stamen Anther – area where the pollen is housed and released Filament – tube that stretches outward to allow wind of animals to carry pollen more easily

AKA : Carpel

Pollen takes some pretty unique shapes to help make it stick to surfaces well

Sometimes plants use some extreme measures to make sure pollen transports easily

Seed cones Pollen cones Ever notice the two different cones on a pine tree?

To Review Plants have many different functions they perform Transpiration, reproduction, cell respiration, photosynthesis, growth They are made of 4 different kinds of tissue Dermal, vascular, ground, and meristematic Plants have three major parts Stem, leaves, roots Roots have particular parts Root Cap, xylem, cambium, phloem, meristem, root hairs Plant sexual anatomy includes male and female parts DO YOU KNOW WHAT ALL THESE DO?! Go back and review the bellringer – can you answer it now?