Margin Review Questions Chapter 6 Margin Review Questions

How would you describe the social hierarchy of classical China? Top-emperor's officials-represent cultural and social elite Were largely from landowning class By 1 B.C.E., due to population growth, taxation and indebtedness, most peasants become tenant farmers Elite view merchants as unproductive and shameful. Will become wealthy and have sons educated so they can become civil servants

What set of ideas underlay India’s caste-based society? Interaction among culturally diverse peoples and the development of economic and social differences between them. By 500 B.C.E-clear belief that society was organized into four great classes-determined by birth (Varnas) Three class were pure-Aryans- Brahmins/priests, Ksatriyas/warrior-rulers and Vaisyas/peasants

Sudras were the indigenous people Reality-there was some social mobility in the classical period-the emergence of a merchant class and the untouchables (Verna System) Jatis System-blended with the Verna system to classify Indian social life into one of the three great classes or the untouchables-this was done within each region and village

What is the difference between varna and jati as expressions of classical India’s caste system? Varna is older and provided broad categories of social hierarchy which explained social inequalities Jatis were occupationally based groups that split the varnas and the untouchables into thousands of smaller groupings based on occupation each with its own set of duties, rules and obligations

How did India’s caste system differ from China’s class system? India-priority to religious status and ritual purity China-elevated political officials to the highest of elite positions Caste divided into vast number of distinctive social groups China-broad social groups

More dependent on slaves More (numbers) slaves How did Greco-Roman slavery differ from that of other classical civilizations? More dependent on slaves More (numbers) slaves Greater range of occupations-high to low Excluded from military service

How did the patriarchies of Athens and Sparta differ from each other? Athens-placed increased limitations on women from 700 to 400 B.C.E. Athens- excluded women from public life Athens-needed a guardian in legal matters-not referred to by name Athens- restricted at home-lived separately from men Athens-women married in mid teens to men ten to fifteen years older Athens-land passed through male heirs

Sparta-women more freedom Sparta-fear of helot rebellion-greater value on male warriors Sparta-women central task-produce males Sparta-women participated in public sporting events Sparta-Married own age Sparta-participated in warfare and more authority in the house Like Athens, women in Sparta lacked any formal public role