Rome Spreads Its Power

Opener Who were considered citizens in the Roman Republic? Who were considered citizens in the Roman Republic? What were the twelve tables? What were the twelve tables? What did the Republic do in the gov’t in times of a crisis? Explain why? What did the Republic do in the gov’t in times of a crisis? Explain why? How much military service was required in order to hold public office? How much military service was required in order to hold public office?

Rome Conquers Italy By 265 BC Rome controlled all of Italy By 265 BC Rome controlled all of Italy Neighboring Latins (closest to Rome) became full citizens Neighboring Latins (closest to Rome) became full citizens In farther territories, people had all the rights of Roman citizenship except the vote In farther territories, people had all the rights of Roman citizenship except the vote Furthest areas were “allies of Rome” Furthest areas were “allies of Rome” They sent troops to the Roman Army and if faithful to Rome would be partners in their prosperity They sent troops to the Roman Army and if faithful to Rome would be partners in their prosperity Lenient policy toward defeated enemies helped Rome succeed in building a long lasting empire Lenient policy toward defeated enemies helped Rome succeed in building a long lasting empire

Rome’s Enemy: Carthage Roman merchants moved by land and sea Roman merchants moved by land and sea Traded wine and olive oil for foods, raw materials, goods from other lands Traded wine and olive oil for foods, raw materials, goods from other lands The other large, powerful city that competed with Rome along the Mediterranean was Carthage The other large, powerful city that competed with Rome along the Mediterranean was Carthage Carthage was located on a peninsula on the North African coast Carthage was located on a peninsula on the North African coast

Punic Wars: Rome vs. Carthage BC In 264 BC Rome and Carthage went to war over the control of the Mediterranean In 264 BC Rome and Carthage went to war over the control of the Mediterranean Between BC they fought three wars Between BC they fought three wars First war was for control of Sicily and western Mediterranean area First war was for control of Sicily and western Mediterranean area War lasted 23 years and Rome defeated Carthage War lasted 23 years and Rome defeated Carthage Rome took rich, grain-growing Sicil y Rome took rich, grain-growing Sicil y

First Punic War: Rome wins Sicily

2 nd Punic War: 218 BC Carthaginian general, Hannibal, wanted to avenge Carthage’s earlier defeat Carthaginian general, Hannibal, wanted to avenge Carthage’s earlier defeat Sent 50,000 men, 9,000 cavalry, 60 elephants to capture Rome Sent 50,000 men, 9,000 cavalry, 60 elephants to capture Rome Led army over land from Spain, across France, through Alps to surprise Romans and invaded Italian Peninsula Led army over land from Spain, across France, through Alps to surprise Romans and invaded Italian Peninsula Inflicted heavy losses to Romans but Roman Army prevented Hannibal from capturing Rome Inflicted heavy losses to Romans but Roman Army prevented Hannibal from capturing Rome

Roman General, Scipio, planned to attack Carthage Roman General, Scipio, planned to attack Carthage Forced Hannibal to return and defend his native city Forced Hannibal to return and defend his native city In 202 BC, at Zama near Carthage, the Romans finally defeated Hannibal In 202 BC, at Zama near Carthage, the Romans finally defeated Hannibal

Hannibal’s march to Rome Rome’s defeat of Carthage

3 rd Punic War: BC Some Romans remembered the devastation Carthage brought to Italy and were angered by its return to prosperity Some Romans remembered the devastation Carthage brought to Italy and were angered by its return to prosperity 149 BC Rome laid siege to Carthage 149 BC Rome laid siege to Carthage In 146 BC the city was set afire and its 50,000 inhabitants sold into slavery In 146 BC the city was set afire and its 50,000 inhabitants sold into slavery

Effects of the Punic Wars on Rome Led to expanded trade and wealth for Rome, and spread of Roman culture Led to expanded trade and wealth for Rome, and spread of Roman culture Dominated Mediterranean Basin: Dominated Mediterranean Basin: North Africa North Africa Asia Minor (Anatolia) Asia Minor (Anatolia) Eastern Mediterranean (Hellenistic Greek world) Eastern Mediterranean (Hellenistic Greek world) Western European region of Gaul (France today) and British Isles Western European region of Gaul (France today) and British Isles

North Africa Asia Minor (Anatolia) Hellenistic Greek world, Eastern Med Gaul British Isles The Roman Extent of Power: Mediterranean Basin ROME

Ranking according to significance Republic Citizenship Punic Wars Hannibal Patricians Assembly Roman Army Mediterranean Sea Jupiter