20-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming Copyright © 1999, Carnegie Mellon. All Rights Reserved. 1 Lecture 15: Java Basics Fundamentals of Web Programming.

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20-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming Copyright © 1999, Carnegie Mellon. All Rights Reserved. 1 Lecture 15: Java Basics Fundamentals of Web Programming Lecture 15: Java Basics

20-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming Copyright © 1999, Carnegie Mellon. All Rights Reserved. 2 Lecture 15: Java Basics Today’s Topics What is Java? Why Java? Basic Language Constructs HelloWorld.java

20-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming Copyright © 1999, Carnegie Mellon. All Rights Reserved. 3 Lecture 15: Java Basics What is Java? “Java is a simple, robust, object- oriented, platform-independent, multi-threaded, dynamic, general- purpose programming environment.”

20-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming Copyright © 1999, Carnegie Mellon. All Rights Reserved. 4 Lecture 15: Java Basics Java Virtual Machine (VM) Generated on a specific platform Runs only on that platform C++ Source Program Native Compiler Native Binary Developer’s Computer User’s Computer Generated on a specific platform Runs on any platform with a Java VM Java Source Program Byte Compiler Universal Binary Java VM “The portability of scripting with the performance of compilation” (mostly) “Write once, run anywhere”

20-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming Copyright © 1999, Carnegie Mellon. All Rights Reserved. 5 Lecture 15: Java Basics Two Flavors of Java Java Applications –Run as separate, standalone programs on a computer or other device –Do not require a web browser Java Applets –Run as embedded programs inside a web browser –Require web browser with Java VM

20-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming Copyright © 1999, Carnegie Mellon. All Rights Reserved. 6 Lecture 15: Java Basics Why Java? Provide dynamic content Great support for network programming Leverage client-side resources Platform-independence simplifies distribution Small byte-code size shortens download time

20-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming Copyright © 1999, Carnegie Mellon. All Rights Reserved. 7 Lecture 15: Java Basics Why Java? Faster than other platform-neutral languages (e.g., Perl) Developed with an intense focus on distributed computing for the Internet Comprehensive support libraries for networking, GUI development, client-server apps, etc.

20-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming Copyright © 1999, Carnegie Mellon. All Rights Reserved. 8 Lecture 15: Java Basics Basic Language Constructs Basic Types (Table 38.1) Operators (Table 38.2) Control Flow (Table 38.3) Comments (Table 38.4) Documentation from Sun:

20-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming Copyright © 1999, Carnegie Mellon. All Rights Reserved. 9 Lecture 15: Java Basics Java Is Not JavaScript Strongly Typed –variables must be declared as a certain type –variables can only hold values of that type Compiled –Java programs must be compiled before they are run

20-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming Copyright © 1999, Carnegie Mellon. All Rights Reserved. 10 Lecture 15: Java Basics Java Is Not C++ In C++, but not in Java: –Overloading –Multiple Inheritance –Destructors –Templates

20-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming Copyright © 1999, Carnegie Mellon. All Rights Reserved. 11 Lecture 15: Java Basics Java Is Not C++ Java is “simpler and safer” In Java, but not in C++: –Packages –Interfaces Java requires object-oriented analysis and design (optional in other languages like C++) Result: Better Code Reusability

20-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming Copyright © 1999, Carnegie Mellon. All Rights Reserved. 12 Lecture 15: Java Basics Getting Started: Tools javac –The Java byte compiler –e.g. javac HelloWorld.java java –The Java virtual machine –e.g. java HelloWorld

20-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming Copyright © 1999, Carnegie Mellon. All Rights Reserved. 13 Lecture 15: Java Basics Getting Started: Tools appletviewer –To view applets outside the browser –e.g. appletviewer HelloWorld.html javadoc –Generates HTML doc files for all your Java classes –e.g. javadoc *.java

20-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming Copyright © 1999, Carnegie Mellon. All Rights Reserved. 14 Lecture 15: Java Basics Getting Started: Tools Linux –kaffe implementation of Java 1.1 –pre-installed on your laptops Win32 –Sun’s Java Development Kit (JDK) –Version available from Sun (or download from a local mirror)local mirror

20-753: Fundamentals of Web Programming Copyright © 1999, Carnegie Mellon. All Rights Reserved. 15 Lecture 15: Java Basics First Example Application: HelloWorld.java Applet: HelloWorldApplet.java, HelloWorldApplet.html