VERBS Verb = words that name an action or describe a state or being Action verb = tells what action someone or something is performing (some actions may be seen, while others can not be seen)

Verb practice Examples: 1.Father packed our suitcases. 2.The ship chugged into the harbor. 3.Both boys believe they won the race. 4.At the dance, the students mingled with each other. (practice pg. 316 ex. 1)

Linking Verbs **Some verbs do not show action. Instead, they link two parts of a sentence together.** Linking Verbs = connects a noun or pronoun with a word that identifies or describes it; shows a relationship between words in a sentence.

Most Common Linking Verbs am can behave been are could behas been is may behad been was might becould have been were must bemay have been am being shall bemight have been are being should bemust have been is being will beshall have been was being would beshould have been were beingwill have been would have been

Examples: (What is the linking verb and what is it connecting?) 1.New York is a big city. 2.The best swimmers were Margie and Pete. 3.Lucy seems unhappy. 4.The winner could have been Larry. (practice pg. 320 ex. 10, pg. 321 ex. 11)

Other Linking Verbs appearlooksound becomeremainstay feelseemtaste growsmellturn Examples: 1.She later became a citizen. 2.The cream tastes sour. 3.The food stayed fresh and crisp. 4.The roses smell wonderful. (practice pg. 323 ex. 12)

Action Verb or Linking Verb Many of the “other” linking verbs can be used as either an action verb or a linking verb. To see whether it is an action or linking verb, substitute am, are, or is for the verb. If the sentence with the new verb (am, is, are) makes sense, then the original verb is a linking verb. If it does not make sense, then the original verb is an action verb.

Linking VerbAction Verb Tina felt weak.Tina felt the cloth. (Tina is weak.)(Tina is the cloth.) The girls appear tired. The girls appeared. (The girls are tired.) (The girls are.)

Examples: (are they action or linking verbs?) 1.The bread tasted stale. 2.Anne grows tulips. 3.Charles smelled the air. 4.The tulips grow tall. (practice pg. 324 ex. 13)

Verb phrase: a verb and all of its helpers; often several words make up the verb phrase. A verb phrase can have one, two, or three helpers before the main verb. Main verb: the verb without the helping verb

Some of the forms of “be” used as linking verbs can also be used as helping verbs. Look back at your previous notes to see these verbs. Helping VerbMain Verb amgrowing has beenwarned was beingtold could have beenreminded will have beenwaiting Other helping verbs do have wouldwill can does has shallmight could did had shouldmust may

Helping verb: added before another verb to make a verb phrase **helping verbs change the meaning of the verb: Put Had put Will have put Might have put Should have been put

Verb phrases do rememberwould hope has writtencan believe may attemptmust have thought

Examples: Identify the helping verb, main verb, and verb phrase. 1.Sometimes they must read for homework. 2.The teachers were called to a meeting. 3.Several students were tested for placement. 4.Some of them should have been warned before. (practice pg. 327 ex. 20 &21)

Sometimes the helping verb(s) and the main verb may be separated in the verb phrase. Often, the words not, certainly, and seldom come between the helping verb and the main verb. Be sure NOT to include them as part of the verb phrase!

Examples: (together) They must have been taken by taxi to the airport. (separate) They must have not been taken by taxi to the airport. (together) Marie has contacted us. (separate) Marie has certainly contacted us.

Also, in questions the verbs are often separated. Be sure to look for the entire verb phrase. One thing that might help is to reword the sentence as a statement instead of a question. This way the verb is usually together and not separated.

Examples: 1. Have you done your homework yet? (You have done your homework.) 2. Did you talk to Tom today? (You did talk to Tom today.) 3. Can they rebuild their home after the tornado? (They can rebuild their home after the tornado.) (practice pg. 328 ex. 22)

Subject Complements: Predicate Nouns, Pronouns & Adjectives A predicate noun or predicate pronoun follows a linking verb and renames or identifies the subject. *they are NOT in prepositional phrases* Ex: A lizard is a reptile. Predicate Noun = reptile because it tells what the subject (lizard) is.

Ex: The large lizard is the Komodo dragon. Predicate noun = dragon because it tells what the lizard is. Practice: 1.Komodo dragons are huge monsters. 2.The dragon’s home is the Indonesian Island of Komodo. 3.The Komodo dragon is really one type of lizard, the monitor. Predicate Nouns

Predicate Adjectives A predicate adjective follows a linking verb and describes the subject of the sentence. *They are NOT found in prepositional phrases Ex: Her story seems strange to us. Predicate adjective = strange because it describes the story.

Predicate Adjectives Practice: 1.This snake’s bite can be lethal. 2.It is extremely poisonous. 3.Cobras are useful to a snake charmer. 4.The music of the snake charmer is enchanting. 5.However, snakes are deaf.

Transitive vs. Intransitive Transitive verb = an action verb that directs the action from the performer of the action toward the receiver of the action (the “receiver” of the action is a person, place, or thing = noun or pronoun) Intransitive verb = expresses action or tells something about the subject of the sentence but does not direct action toward another noun or pronoun

Examples: Transitive = The captain rang the bell. Intransitive = The bell rang for dinner. Transitive = The captain sailed the ship. Intrasitive = The ship sailed out to sea. (practice pg. 317 ex. 2)

Practice: 1.They explored the new territory. 2.Some colonists sailed back to their homelands. 3.The other immigrants stayed in the U.S. 4.These people shared a dream of a better life. 5.They settled in the new land. 6.All built new lives.