World Geography TodayChapter 16 Southern Europe and the Balkans Preview Section 1: The Iberian PeninsulaThe Iberian Peninsula Section 2: The Italian PeninsulaThe Italian Peninsula Section 3: Greece and the Balkan PeninsulaGreece and the Balkan Peninsula Chapter Wrap-Up

World Geography TodayChapter 16 Read to Discover How have past events affected Spain? How is Portugal both similar to and different from Spain? Section 1: The Iberian Peninsula

World Geography TodayChapter 16 Great seafaring country, spreading language and religion around the world Ruled by various peoples—Romans, Moors, Christians—who brought religion, irrigation, new crops, crafts, trades, universities Built world empire in 1500s Shaken by wars in 1800s and 1900s Civil war in 1936 led to Franco dictatorship Constitutional monarchy today; 17 regions have different levels of autonomy Section 1: The Iberian Peninsula Effect of History on Spain

World Geography TodayChapter 16 Question What are the similarities and differences between Spain and Portugal? Section 1: The Iberian Peninsula

World Geography TodayChapter 16 Spain Portugal Early History Romans, Moors LanguageReligion Colonial Territories Recent History Economy Spanish (Latin root), Basque, Catalan Portuguese (Latin root) Catholicism Americas, Pacific, Africa Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, Timor Democratic transition, independence movements, immigration European Union, democracy, immigration Tourism, textiles, autos, agricultural products Tourism, cork, wine Section 1: The Iberian Peninsula Comparison of Spain and Portugal

World Geography TodayChapter 16 Read to Discover How has Italy’s history affected its culture? What is Italy like today? Section 2: The Italian Peninsula

World Geography TodayChapter 16 Question How does historic Italy compare to modern Italy? Section 2: The Italian Peninsula

World Geography TodayChapter 16 Romans Huge empire; developed language, laws, architecture; spread Christianity Middle Ages Trade in cities like Florence, Genoa, and Venice; increased wealth Unification Tremendous growth in economy and industry; membership in NATO and EU Renaissance Renewed interest in learning; great developments in architecture, painting, and sculpture HISTORIC ITALY Section 2: The Italian Peninsula

World Geography TodayChapter 16 Economy Agricultural and manufactured products sold around the world (automobiles, designer clothes, fine food); north: rich, industrial; south: poorer, agricultural MODERN ITALY Culture Roman Catholic; Italian language; some northerners speak French, German, or Slovene; food: sauces, pastas, sausages, pastries; afternoon rest; famous historical buildings; democracy Current Issues Southern Italy’s economy with high poverty and unemployment; soil erosion and deforestation; aging population; low birthrate; pollution Section 2: The Italian Peninsula

World Geography TodayChapter 16 Roman Empire left strong cultural legacy— Language, laws, architecture Growth of Roman Catholic Church had major impact Trade and wealth of Italian cities in Middle Ages produced Renaissance art and culture Many foods can be traced to the 1400s Section 2: The Italian Peninsula Effects of History on Italian Culture

World Geography TodayChapter 16 Modern developed country Noted exports—Cars, fashion, foods Two main economic regions—Industrial, wealthy north; poorer, agricultural south Main cities—Milan, Genoa, Turin, Rome, Bologna, Florence, Trieste, Venice, Naples Challenges—Developing the south; aging population; pollution Section 2: The Italian Peninsula Italy Today

World Geography TodayChapter 16 Read to Discover How did Greece develop into a modern country? Why are the western Balkans politically unstable? What changes are occurring in the eastern Balkans? Section 3: Greece and the Balkan Peninsula

World Geography TodayChapter 16 Question How have the economy, society, and government of Greece changed over time? Section 3: Greece and the Balkan Peninsula

World Geography TodayChapter 16 Government Historically, independent city- states; birthplace of democracy; controlled by Romans and Ottoman Turks; military rule after 1967; democracy since 1974 GREECE Economy Once poor and agricultural, now modernizing and industrializing; joined EC in 1981; rapid urbanization causing pollution Society and Culture Incorporated foreign influences; great contributions to the arts, government, philosophy, science, and sports; higher levels of education; increasing opportunities for women Section 3: Greece and the Balkan Peninsula

World Geography TodayChapter 16 Include Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Slovenia, Serbia, Montenegro Political instability in the western Balkans results from a long history of invasions, foreign control, and ethnic conflict. Area has one of the most diverse human populations in Europe. Ottoman Turks controlled much of the area by the late 1300s. Section 3: Greece and the Balkan Peninsula Western Balkans

World Geography TodayChapter 16 After World War I, various Slavic peoples (including the Bosnians, Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Serbs, and Slovenes) united as Yugoslavia. Communist rule maintained unity after World War II. End of communism allowed revival of ethnic and political rivalries. Yugoslavia split up; violence erupted between Serbs, Croats, Muslims, and Albanians. Section 3: Greece and the Balkan Peninsula Western Balkans (continued)

World Geography TodayChapter 16 Many changes are taking place since the collapse of communism, during the difficult transition to democracy and free-market economies. Moldova—Struggling agricultural economy Bulgaria—Seeking to attract modern industries Romania—Trying to expand and diversify economy Common Problems—Low standard of living, health care, clean water, housing, emigration Section 3: Greece and the Balkan Peninsula Eastern Balkans

World Geography TodayChapter 16 Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas 1.How have events in Spain’s history influenced other areas of the world? 2.How does Portugal’s history mirror Spain’s? 3.Which of Italy’s two major regions is the richest and most industrialized? Why? 4.How has urbanization contributed to environmental problems in Greece? 5.What factors have shaped the boundaries of Yugoslavia (now Serbia and Montenegro)?