Vocabulary for Semester One

1 _______ is a time period in Europe when there was a “rebirth” of ancient Greek and Roman ideas, art, and architecture. 2 __________ was a British playwright and poet who is considered among the greatest writers of all time. 3 The roof of the Sistine Chapel is one of ___________ best works. He was also a sculptor, poet, and architect. 4 Queen _________, the daughter of Henry VIII, turned England into a world power during her 45 year reign. 5 _____________ was an Italian mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. He improved the telescope and helped prove the heliocentric theory. 6 The ________________ was Spain’s naval fleet during the 16 th century. 7 __________ was a Portuguese navigator who was the first to sail around Africa’s Cape of Good Hope. 8 The ___________ theory, developed by Copernicus stated that the planets revolved around the sun instead of around earth. 9 ___________ was a Portuguese navigator who was the first European to sail to India. 10 _____________ developed movable type for the printing press, which changed the world. 11 _______________ is a type of government whereby it is rule by the people. 12 _______________ was a medieval system where loyalties were traded for protection.

19 _____________ was the George Washington of South America. 20 A type of government whereby a king or queen rules because God appointed him or her is called a ___________________________. 21 ___________ was a religious movement that began in 16 th century Europe as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church. 22 The English philosopher who came up with the social contract was _____________________. 23 A _______________ is an elected official who is authorized to make governmental decisions for their constituents. 24 ___________ was the leader of the colonial army who became the father of the United States. 13 _________________ is a monarchy in which the powers of the ruler are restricted to those granted under the constitution and laws of the nation. 14 ____________ was a bloodless overthrow of government against James II; there was little armed resistance to William and Mary in England. 15 King _____________ began the English Reformation by separating from the Roman Catholic Church. 16 ________________ were the name of the churches that were formed as a result of protests against the Roman Catholic Church. 17 A ______________ is a document that forms a government. 18 In 1789, the ______________________ begins in Paris France

32 King Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth I are examples of ___________ in England. 33 A period in French history of brutal suppression or intimidation by those in power, resulting in thousands of deaths was the _________. 34 During the 16 th and 17 th centuries the term __________ was used to indicate North and South America. 35 The _____________ was to divide newly discovered land’s between Portugal and Spain. Portugal obtained lands to the east of the demarcation and Spain obtained lands to the west of the line. 36 The ___________ is the leader of the Catholic Church. 37 The __________ is the movement of people, animals, plants, diseases, and ideas between Europe and the Americas in the 1400’s and the 1500’s 25 The Age of _____________ focused on ways to create a government for protecting the rights of the individual. 26 The ___________ made books and pamphlets faster and cheaper. 27 People would pay an _______ to help pardon their sins. 28 _____________ was an absolute monarch in France who proclaimed, “I am the State!” 29 _____________ is a philosophy which puts an emphasis on the value of the individual. 30 The __________ was the all embracing Christian Church which dominated people’s lives in Medieval Europe. 31 A ___________ is a Spanish adventurer who came to the Americas in search of gold and to conquer.

38 As a result of the increase in trade, the ___________ class grew. 39 ____________ told Queen Isabella that he would sail west to reach Asia. Instead, he accidentally bumped into another continent. 40 The _______________ was a war between the Roundheads and the Cavaliers. 41 _______________ began the Protestant Reformation by nailing his 95 thesis to the door of the Wittenberg Church. 42 ______________ led the Parliamentary Roundheads to victory in the English Civil War. 43 The world’s first Renaissance man was ____________. 44 A complete change in government is called a _____________________. 45 The Tennis Court Oath and the Storming of the Bastille are two things credited with starting the ___________ 46 A very wealthy merchant family in Venice Italy who supported the arts during the Renaissance __________ 47 The ____________ __________ is an organized way to help us solve problems. 48 “Help, the sky is falling” may have been something this scientist said __________ ___________. 49 Individuals that supported the arts during the Renaissance were called ___________________ 50 Spanish explorers were known as ________________ 51 known for decimating the Inca Empire _________________________ 52 known for decimating the Aztec Empire _________________________________

53 This philosopher strongly believed in the freedom of speech ______________________________ 54 Took over the thrown when England became a constitutional Monarchy __________________________ 55 Lead the charge during the ‘Reign of Terror’_______________________ 56 The time when Spain was driven out of ‘the Americas’ ________________________ 57 ____________________ is when colonies supply their country with raw goods and the country sells a finished product back to their own country, greatly profits the ‘mother country’ 58 Emperor of France who conquered much of Europe _________________________________ 59 During England’s Civil War Royalists were called ____________ and Parliamentarians were called _____________ 60 King Charles II, is restored to the crown after Oliver Cromwell dies. This is known as the _______________ 61 When the power of the government is granted by the people ______________________ 62 Citizens “give” government permission to do its job ___________________________ 63 The idea that states that it is okay for government to do its job and it’s okay for the citizens to do their job, as long as everybody follows the rules _____________________________