ADMINISTRATIVE AND CLINICAL HEALTH INFORMATION

Information System - can be define as the use of computer hardware and software to process data into information to solve a problem.

Healthcare Information System and Hospital Information System (HIS) - both refer to a group of systems used within a hospital or enterprise that support and enhance healthcare.

Two Major Types of Information System in HIS Clinical Information Systems (CISs) or Client Care Information Systems Administrative Information Systems

Clinical Information Systems are large computerized database management systems that support several types of activities that may include physician order entry, result retrieval, documentation, and decision support (Clinical Information Systems 2002). Clinicians use these systems to access data that are used to plan, implement, evaluate case. Examples of CISS include nursing, laboratory, pharmacy, radiology, medical information systems. CISs users include nurses, physicians, pharmacist, social worker, respiratory therapist and any other clinician requiring access to clients record.

Administrative Information Systems support client care by managing financial and demographic information and providing reporting capabilities. includes client management, financial, payroll, human resources and quality assurance system.

HEALTHCARE INFORMATION SYSTEM

Clinical Information System Monitoring Systems Nursing Information System Order Entry Systems Laboratory Systems Radiology Systems Pharmacy System Other Ancillary Systems Administrative Information System - Client Registration Systems Financial Systems Payroll and Human Resource Risk Management Systems Quality Assurance Systems Contract Management System Scheduling System

Clinical Information System Nursing Information SystemMonitoring Systems Order Entry SystemsLaboratory SystemsRadiology SystemsPharmacy SystemOther Ancillary Systems

Nursing Information Systems support the use and documentation of nursing processes, activities, and provides tools for managing the delivery of nursing care.

Goals for a NIS The system should support the way nurses functions, allowing them the flexibility to use the system to view data and collect necessary information, provide quality client care, and document client’s condition and the care that was given. - necessary information includes past health medical history, allergies, test results, and progress notes, among other things. It should support and enhance nursing practice through improved access to information and tools.

Monitoring Systems - are devices that automatically monitor biometric measurements in critical care and specialty areas, such as cardiology and obstetrics. These devices may send information to the nursing documentation systems.

Order Entry Systems - physician orders for medications and treatments are entered into the computer and directly transmitted to the appropriate areas whether that is the pharmacy, the laboratory, the radiology department, or social service.

COMPUTERIZED PHYSICIAN ORDER ENTRY (CPOE) -It is the preferred method of the physician in entry of orders because this eliminates issue related to illegible hand writing and transcription errors, speeds the implementation of ordered diagnostic tests and treatment modalities, and can enhance staff productivity and save money ((Dorenfest 2003: Marshalech and Cassey 2003: May 2003: Stablein and Drazen 2003). -It represents a major initiative on the part of the Institute of Medicine and Leapfrog Group to improve the quality of care and reduce medical errors.

Laboratory Information Systems (LIS) can provide many benefits, including a short turnaround time for results, prevention of duplication testing, decreased likelihood of human error, and identification of abnormal results according to age, sex, and hospital standard.

Radiology Information System (RIS) provides scheduling of diagnostic tests, communication of clinical information, generation of clients instructions and preparation procedure, transcription of results and impressions and file room management suck as tracking of film location. The radiology system generates billing information that can be sent to the billing system. More recent developments in radiology information systems include digital, filmless images as a replacement for traditional radiology films.

Pharmacy Systems offer many benefits that promote cost containment and improve the quality of care. These systems can be used by a variety of health care professionals who perform activities related to the ordering, dispensing, and administration of medications. Another benefit offered by the pharmacy systems is the tracking of medication use, costs, and billing information. Automation of these functions generally improves accuracy and is more cost-effective than manual methods.

Other Common Clinical System

Medical Records/abstracting Systems facilitates the abstracting or coding of diagnosis and chart management process. Client record may also be stored on optical disk.

Operating Room System may be used to schedule procedures, manage equipment set-up for individual physicians, facilitate inventory control, and provide client billing.

Emergency Department System provides ready access to independent systems such as poison control. They also allow the nurse to print specific discharge and follow-up instructions based on the client’s diagnosis

Home Care Systems allow the Health Care provider to access information on clients and outpatient resources, and to document care provided.

Administrative Information System Client Registration SystemsFinancial Systems Payroll and Human Resource Risk Management SystemsQuality Assurance Systems Contract Management System Scheduling System

Client Registration System is critic to the effective operation of many other systems within the health care setting. This system is used to collect and store client identification and demographic data that are verified and updated at the time of each visit. these may also be known as admission/discharge/transfer (ADT) systems. CISs use these data for the management of client care and billing purposes. An important aspect of a registration system used in a multientity health system network is the development of a unique client identifier.

Financial Systems provide the facility with accounting functions. Accurate tracking of financial data is critical for enabling the organization to receive reimbursement for services.

Payroll and Human Resource Systems track employee time and attendance, credentials, performance evaluations, and payroll compensation information.

Risk Management Systems track and plan prevention of usual occurrences and incidents.

Quality Assurance Systems - monitor outcomes and produce reports that are used to guide quality improvement initiatives.

Contract Management Systems manage contracts with third-party payors.

Scheduling Systems allows a health care organization to schedule clients and resources efficiently.