WARM UP “The happiest people don’t necessarily have the best of everything. They just make the best of everything.” 1.Do you agree with this quote? Why? 2.Apply this idea to something related to evolution.

DNA to Protein

DNA Structure A combination of 4 bases –Adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine Bases code cell instructions

DNA Structure Long, thin double helix Two strands connected by bases –A to T –C to G

DNA Copying DNA copied and passed from cell to cell Semi-conservative replication –Use bases of one strand as a template for bases of new strand

DNA Copying Process –Enzymes separate strands. –DNA polymerase adds new bases –Check/fix errors –DNA ligase seals strands

Transcription Makes mRNA – messenger RNA –Single-stranded –Uracil (U) base No T –Ribose backbone Not deoxyribose

Transcription Process 1.Split DNA strands 2.Start at a promoter 3.RNA polymerase adds bases 4.Processing Introns out, exons in Add a cap and tail

Translation Change language from letters to amino acids –mRNA codons (3 bases) turned into proteins (chains of amino acids)

Translation Process –mRNA on ribosome –Start codon – AUG –tRNA matches mRNA –Amino acid set –mRNA moves, new tRNA, amino acids chained together –Stop codon – UAG, UGA, UAA

WRAP UP Use the terms mRNA, tRNA, codon, anticodon, and amino acid to describe the process of translation.

WARM UP List 5 reasons DNA is important to Earth, life, and/or evolution.

WRAP UP Describe how the processes of transcription and/or translation would relate to evolution and natural selection.

WARM UP 1. Explain the process of making a copy of a DNA molecule in 2-3 sentences.

WRAP UP 1.Compare and contrast transcription and translation.