Chapter 13 Section 2

Mexico under Spanish Rule Mexico was a colony of the Spanish Monarchy They worried about attacks (both internally and externally) Father Miguel Hidalgo leads a revolt of poor Indians and mestizos Mexico gains independence (45 years after the U.S. independence)

Americans in Mexican Texas 1821 Spain gave Moses Austin a land grant 4,000 Mexicans lived in Texas Mexico won independence from Spain 1822 Stephen Austin began bringing 300 families to Texas

Where Did They Come From? Many came from the cotton country in the Southeast They built cotton plantations and brought in slaves. By 1830 about 20,000 Americans had moved to Texas

Conflict With Mexico Austin and original settlers agreed to –A) become Mexican citizens –B) Worship as Roman Catholics Later American settlers –A) Felt no loyalty to Mexico –B) Spoke little or no Spanish –C) Many were Protestants

Mexico Fears Losing Texas 1830 no more Americans allowed in Texas Mexico feared that the U.S. would try to annex Texas Twice the U.S. had tried to buy Texas Mexico tried to enforce its laws –A) Must worship as Catholics –B) Banned slavery in Texas –C) Troops were sent to enforce these laws

Santa Anna Gains Power in Mexico 1833 General Santa Anna gains power in Mexico 1835 Santa Anna throws out Mexican constitution and becomes a dictator. Intended to drive Americans out of Texas

Texans Take Action Had support of Tejanos who wanted to get rid of Santa Anna 1835 Texans in Gonzales clashed with Mexican Troops and forced troops to withdraw (starts war of independence) On March 2 nd 1836 a group of people declared Texas’ independence and put Sam Houston in charge of the army

Siege at the Alamo Santa Anna marched North with a large army Texans took up positions in an old Spanish mission called the Alamo

Against Great Odds 150 Texans who were poorly equipped with a low supply of ammunition, food, water, and medicine Faced 6,000 Mexican Troops!

Inside the Alamo William B. Travis was in command Several Tejano Families, two Texan women, two young male slaves and Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett Jim Bowie

Victory or Death February 23nd 1836 the siege begins! Travis sends for help! About 40 men manage to get into the fort. March 6 th. Siege ended. 180 Texans and 1,500 Mexicans were dead

Texan Independence The Alamo ignited cries for revenge Mexican troops killed several hundred soldiers after they had surrendered at Goliad Many joined Sam Houston’s army Houston worked hard to make an army

Battle of San Jacinto April 21, Texans caught Santa Anna by surprise near the San Taglinto River Texans charged into battle chanting “Remember the Alamo” “Remember the Goliad” Lasted only 18 minutes Although Texans were outnumbered, they killed 630 Mexicans and captured 700 more The next day they captured Santa Anna and forced him to grant Texan independence

Lone Star Republic

Battle flag had a single white star Nicknamed their nation the Lone Star Republic Wrote a constitution September 1836 elected Sam Houston as president of the Republic of Texas US recognizes in 1839

Congress Refuses to Annex Texas Texas would enter Union as a slave- owning state Jackson knew that annexing Texas would lead to war with Mexico Mexico refused to accept Texan independence Texas was nearly bankrupt!

To Annex or Not To Annex Texas? White southerners were for annexation Northerners opposed it! At issue was slavery! Bankrupt!

Texas Grows Worked to attract settlers Encouraged immigration by offering free land During the Panic of 1837, 1,000’s of Americans moved to Texas Also, came from Germany and Switzerland By the 1840’s, 140,000 people lived in Texas