THE CALL OF THE WILD Chapter II "The Law of Club and Fang" 강은진 구은희

★ Contents ★ References Characters A plot Gold rush Naturalism About the author Vocabulary Expression

★ References ★

★ Characters ★ People - Judge Miller : Buck's original owner - Manuel : Judge Miller's gardener - kidnaps Buck - The man in the red sweater : the person who teaches Buck to obey a man with a club - Francois : French Canadian mail carrier who drives Buck's team - Perrault : French Canadian mail carrier who drives Buck's team

★ Characters ★ Dogs - Buck : dog stolen from Judge Miller and sold as a sled dog - Curly : Buck's friend- is killed by a wild dog - Spitz : Buck's rival for leader of the pack - Dave : dog from original dog team who dies from a strange illness - So-lecks : old husky - blind in one eye - does not like to be approached by blind side - Billee : husky - half brother to Joe - good- natured - Joe : husky - half brother to Billee - bitter

★ A plot ★ Buck realized that he is away from civilization and living in the wild. Buck's friend Curly was killed by a stranger. When she fell 30 to 40 other husky dogs rushed in and trampled her. Buck learned a lesson from this. Never go down. Buck was harnessed to the other dogs. He remembered the horses being harnessed back on Judge Miller's farm and found the experience humiliating. Between Dave and Spitz, who have been in a sled team previously, Buck learned how to pull a sled. He learned the meanings of "ho" and "mush". Perrault bought two more dogs, Billee and Joe. Sol-leks also joined the sled team. He was an old husky who was missing one eye. Buck soon learned not to approach Sol-leks from his blind side.

One cold night Buck was having trouble sleeping. He tried to enter the tent, but Francois and Perrault chased him away. While wandering Buck learned that the other dogs had dug sleeping holes so they could sleep comfortably. Buck dug his own hole and settled in for the night. The next day three more dogs joined the team making a total of nine. The team traveled forty miles a day. They continued this pace day after day. Buck learned he must eat quickly to avoid his food being stolen by the other dogs.

★ The law of club and fang ★ The Law of the Club refers to the method humans use to extract obedience from a dog; the Law of the Fang refers to the method dogs use to subjugate other dogs. Buck learns about the law of the fang when Curly, one of the friendlier sled dogs, makes advances toward another dog. This other dog rips open her face, then jumps aside to avoid retaliation. Curly is then killed by thirty to forty dogs. Buck learns life in the Klondike is violent, survival belongs to the alert, and leadership belongs to the most cunning. Buck has his first experience as a sled dog and proves to be adept at the job. The team expands to nine dogs, including Spitz, the white husky leader; Dave, an antisocial but hardworking team dog; brothers Billee and Joe, one sweet and the other sour, and Sol-leks, a one-eyed dog whose name means "the Angry One."

Next Buck learns how to survive the night by digging a hole in the snow and curling into a ball. He also learns how to steal food without getting caught and clubbed. This is the only way to ensure survival in a cruel, cold land, where a dog runs all day, sleeps to run the next day, and in between might lose his life in a dog fight.

★ Gold rush ★ Klondike Gold Rush: Begun in 1897 amidst a general economic depression in the Pacific Northwest with high rates of unemployment; huge rush of gold- seeking people from the West Coast moving northward into Alaska and Canada's Yukon Territory to seek gold in Canada's Klondike River. Although the Klondike Gold Rush energized this region until it ended abruptly in 1899, many of the miners' hopes were in vain as they returned home empty-handed, like write Jack London himself. Seattle, Dawson City, Skaguay, and Dyea were a few of the cities that prospered from this sudden, but short-lived, influx of people between the years

★ Naturalism ★ Naturalism is a literary movement that seeks to replicate a believable everyday reality, as opposed to such movements as Romanticism or Surrealism, in which subjects may receive highly symbolic, idealistic, or even supernatural treatment. Naturalism is the outgrowth of Realism, a prominent literary movement in mid-19th-century France and elsewhere. Naturalistic writers were influenced by the evolution theory of Charles Darwin. They believed that one's heredity and social environment determine one's character. Whereas realism seeks only to describe subjects as they really are, naturalism also attempts to determine "scientifically" the underlying forces influencing the actions of its subjects. Naturalistic works often include uncouth or sordid subject matter; for example, Émile Zola's works had a frankness about sexuality along with a pervasive pessimism.

Naturalistic works exposed the dark harshness of life, including poverty, racism, sex, prejudice, disease, prostitution, and filth. As a result, Naturalistic writers were frequently criticized for being too blunt. In the United States, the genre is associated principally with writers such as Abraham Cahan, Ellen Glasgow, David Graham Phillips, John Steinbeck, Jack London, Edith Wharton, and most prominently Stephen Crane, Frank Norris, and Theodore Dreiser. The term naturalism operates primarily in counter distinction to realism, particularly the mode of realism codified in the 1870s and 1880s, and associated with William Dean Howells and Henry James.

★ About the author ★ Jack London was born on January 12, 1876 in San Francisco, California. His father, W. H. Wellman, was a soldier, scout, backwoodsman, trapper, and wanderer. Jack's family was very poor so he had to get a job at the age of ten. Jack took the name of his stepfather and became Jack London. Jack sold newspapers on the streets before going to school. After school he sold the evening newspaper. All the money he earned selling papers went to support his family. At the age of 15 Jack left home and school. By age 17 he found a job on a sealing schooner to hunt seals off the coasts of Japan and Russia. By age 20 he moved to the Klondike to prospect for gold. At age 26 Jack was a reporter for the Hearst newspaper chain. Jack began writing each morning. He would write a 1000 words. Jack had an ability to recognize when he had reached this limit and would often stop in the middle of a sentence.

From 1907 to 1910, Jack began a round-the-world trip on his yacht, the Snark. On this trip he and his wife came down with a fever they had contracted in the islands they had visited. He had to return to the San Francisco Bay area to recover from this fever. At this time he began building his ranch and spent much time on horseback. Jack wrote more than 50 books in the early 1900's including both fiction and non-fiction, hundreds of short stories, and numerous articles on a wide range of topics. Some of the most popular books are White Fang (1905) and The Call of the Wild (1903). Jack London died in Santa Rosa in 1916 at the age of 40.

★ Vocabulary ★ primordial - adjective : having existed from the beginning; in an earliest or original stage or state vicarious - adjective : suffered or done by one person as a substitute for another antagonist - noun : someone who offers opposition scarlet - noun : a variable color that is vivid red but sometimes with an orange tinge draught - noun : the act of moving a load by drawing or pulling appease - verb : to give peace; to cause to stop or subside; to calm; to pacify belligerent - adjective : characteristic of an enemy or one eager to fight indiscretion - noun : a petty misdeed, the trait of being injudicious consternation - noun : fear resulting from the awareness of danger

★ Vocabulary ★ disconsolate - adjective : sad beyond comforting; incapable of being consoled arduous - adjective : taking much effort to bring forth; difficult courier - noun : a person who carries a message perpetual - adjective : lasting or continuing forever or an unlimited time fastidiousness - noun : the trait of being meticulous about matters of taste or style malingerer - noun : someone shirking their duty by feigning illness or incapacity retrogression - noun : a reversal in development from a higher to a lower state primeval - adjective : having existed from the beginning; in an earliest or original stage or state cadences - noun : a rhythmic movement or flow or a series of sounds

★ Expression ★ (P17 line 12) He was called Sol-leks, which means the Angry One. → His name is Sol-leks. Sol-leks means the angry one. He is an old husky and he has blindness of one eye.

★ Expression ★ (P18 line 15) Buck confidently selected a spot, and with much fuss and waste effort proceeded to dig a hole for himself. → Buck choose a place. The place is a hole which is Buck's bed. Fuss attention given to small matters which are not important

★ Expression ★ (P19 line31) and ere the day was done, so well had he mastered his work, his mated about ceased nagging him. → before the darkness came, buck was good at work so his mates stopped nagging him. cease v.i. To stop moving, acting or speaking; to leave of; to give over; followed by from before a noun. v.t. To put a stop to; to put an end to.

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