BELL RINGER Read pp in GREEN BOOK APPARTS IT

How Prussia replace Austria as the leading German state in Europe? In what ways did German unification compare/differ from Italian unification? What changes in German life occurred as a result of Unification?

Unification of Germany The Great German state of Prussia

How did Germany unify 38 states? Napoleon I Congress of Vienna Zollverein Otto Von Bismarck WAR

Napoleon Bonaparte Defeated Prussians in 1806 Took land Forced payments to France Force military service Lead to Prussia undermining Napoleon Trained an army even though they were not suppose to have huge numbers

battles of Liepzig and Waterloo = Prussians fight and defeat Napoleon

Congress of Vienna Prussia = one of the great four countries at meeting Prussia joins the Quadruple and Quintuple Alliance Turns the Confederation of the Rhine into the German Confederation Adds Prussia to membership More land =$$$$ and power

Prussia vs. Austria Control of the German people? During Holy Roman Empire Austria control Napoleon destroyed HRE Congress of Vienna never brings it back

Napoleon Nationalism During rule of Napoleon are some of the great thinkers and writers from Germany Germans start to see the value in German culture because of Napoleon Why German Nationalism favored Prussia more the Austria?

Austria had Germans ruling but made up of so many other nationalities Congress of Vienna cause a shift to Italy and The Balkans for Austria.

Zollverien Huge tariffs between the German states Junkers saw these tariffs as hurting their chance to make $$$$$ Prussia abolished tariffs with in Prussia 1834 created a custom union called the Zollverien

By 1854 contained most of German states except Austria Membership Lower prices Spread industrialization Offer tariff protection from outside countries Uniform measures and currency Produce and sold more goods

Not immediate political unity Made them economically dependant Leads the way to nationhood

Otto Von Bismarck William I king in 1861 Appointed Bismarck head of the cabinet Built up military Hated democracy People rewarded for obedience Prussia's destiny to lead

The position of Prussia in Germany will not be determined by its liberalism but by its power... Prussia must concentrate its strength and hold it for the favorable moment, which has already come and gone several times. Since the treaties of Vienna, our frontiers have been ill-designed for a healthy body politic. Not through speeches and majority decisions will the great questions of the day be decided - that was the great mistake of 1848 and but by iron and blood.

Realpolitick Parliament not allow him to build up army Bismarck collect taxes without permission Ignored constitution of Prussia To settle down the liberals he focused on WAR

WAR To unify Germany under Prussia have to 1. get Austria out of power in the in German Confederation 2. overcome Austria influence of the southern German states Win three wars Danish War Seven Weeks War Franco Prussian War

Danish War Denmark German border was Schleswig and Holstein

Danish War Holstein population was German Schleswig’s mixed population Denmark wanted to annex Holstein Austria and Prussia said no War between Prussia and Austria vs. Denmark Prussia wins

Danish War Austria and Prussia rule one of the duchess

Seven Weeks War Bismarck looked to take out Austria next First isolate Austria from any help Deal with Napoleon III to stay neutral Then allied Prussia with Italy Prussia caused Austria to declare war on them Shock the world

Army fights and wins a war in seven weeks HOW? Used technology Railroads, telegraph lines, modern weapons

Prussia gets the dissolution of the German Confederation Prussia forms a North German Confederation Prussia being the biggest, most advance nation in Confederation they ran it Some southern states had not joined If get them Prussia control all the Germans

Franco Prussian War To unify south to Germany = start a war with France Opportunity in Spanish Succession This scared France for they would be surrounded by German Families on both sides

The French wanted a pledged that William I would not do anything like this again William while at the city of Ems gets Napoleon’s demand William responded kindly about situation

Bismarck gets telegram and changes it Makes French look pushy and William looked like he got rid of the messenger from Napoleon He sent copies to all the newspapers of the Ems Telegram

July 1870 Napoleon declares war French defeated by September Paris surrenders in January 1871

Punish France Lost land (Alsace and part of Lorraine) and pay huge $$$$$$$$$ January 18 th 1871 Germans meeting the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles Formation of the German Empire All German states except Austria

German Empire Capital of Prussia was Berlin = capital King William I = Kaiser Bismarck take over as the Chancellor of Germany (Iron Chancellor) Accepted a Constitution of 25 states Lots of power in Kaiser Legislature two houses Bundesrat = upper house Reichstag = lower house

Constitution favored Prussia Kaiser? Chancellor? Most delegates in Bundesrat? Most delegates in Reichstag?

How Prussia replace Austria as the leading German state in Europe? In what ways did German unification compare/differ from Italian unification? What changes in German life occurred as a result of Unification?

What problems did Bismarck face as Chancellor of German Empire? How did Germany become industrialized under Bismarck? How did Bismarck lose power and who took the lead in German government?

Opposition to Bismarck PP

German Industrialization List factors that lead to German industrialization. Take each factor and put it in a column labeled Causes. Then for every cause give one or more effects for each cause. EX. Lots of coal/iron = steel industry grew

Social problems of Bismarck What type of government power did Bismarck want? What did it lead to for German politics? List reasons that Bismarck had problems with the Catholic Church? Define Kulturkampf Who were the Centre Party? How did they change? Why? List limits to Catholics under the Kulturkampf. Why was the Kulturkampf unsuccessful?

Socialism in Germany Why were workers mistreated as industry grew? Why did German workers support the Social Democratic Party (SPD)? { Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands } How did Bismarck deal with this group at first? After this did not work he passed reforms. List them and explain why he did this.

Bismarck Resigns Who was William II? Why did William II and Bismarck not get along? What happened to Bismarck? William II wanted to expand empire. How was he going to do this? Why was this a dangerous move on his part?

Bismarck – Great leader or Bad Leader? Defend your point of view!!!