Which of the following statements do you most agree with? ( why or why not??????) A. Nations should develop nuclear weapons to strengthen their defense. B.Nations should develop nuclear weapons only if their enemies have them. C.Nations should agree with their enemies to ban nuclear weapons, as their potential for destruction outweighs their benefits for defense D. Nations should not develop nuclear weapons, even if their enemies have them.

The Cold War

Cold War The Cold War was a time after WW2 when the USA and the Soviet Union were rivals for world influence.

Origins of the Cold War U.S.-Soviet Relations to 1945 Allies in World War II Postwar Cooperation – the U.N Satellite States in Eastern Europe Occupation Zones in Germany Iron Curtain

Roots of the Cold War Allies during the war, but not truly friends Soviets wanted British and Americans to open a second European front earlier in the war. U.S. atomic bomb plans worried Soviet Union. Philosophical Differences Philosophical differences between the Soviet Union and the United States reached back to the 1920s. Soviet Union: communism, totalitarian dictatorship United States: free-enterprise capitalism, republic World War II Conflicts The Soviet Union refused to let Eastern Europe hold elections as promised at Yalta. The United States resisted Soviet expansion. Postwar Conflicts

Uneasy peace between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Competition for world dominance and global power. Fought on political and economic fronts rather than on military battlefields Even though the threat of war was always present. Defined America’s foreign policy from 1946 to It affected domestic politics and how Americans viewed the world and themselves. Constant state of military preparedness and arms race  Propaganda war----Democracy vs Communism  US policy: Support nations threatened by Communism coldwar

NATONATO Communistic Warsaw Pact

The Bi-Polarization of Europe: The Beginning of the Cold War map/cold war Soviet Union/China and Allies…….. Democracy vs. Communism Bi-Polarization of the World US, Allied Nations and Allied colonies. 1950’s

The Cold War: Roots of the Conflict Soviet Expansion: · The Soviet Union occupied most of Eastern Europe by the end of World War II.

Satellite State  When a nation is under the control of another.  Ex. Part of Germany was under the control of the Soviet Union.  Other examples: Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria

The “Iron Curtain” From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe. -- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946

Truman Doctrine [1947] 1.Civil War in Greece. 2.Turkey under pressure from the USSR for concessions in the Dardanelles. 3.The U. S. should support free peoples throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or outside pressures…We must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way. 4.The U.S. gave Greece & Turkey $400 million in aid.

Marshall Plan [1948] 1.“European Recovery Program.” 2.Secretary of State, George Marshall 3.The U. S. should provide aid to all European nations that need it. This move is not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos. 4.$12.5 billion of US aid to Western Europe extended to Eastern Europe & USSR, [but this was rejected].

* The U.S. gave over $12 billion in aid to European countries between 1948 and 1952, helping to improve their economies and lessen the chance of communist revolutions.

map/cold war Soviet Union/China and Allies…….. Containment: Stop the expansion of Communism in Asia and Europe US, Allied Nations and Allied colonies. 1950’s

Communist Expansion Communist Expansion A Chronology of Events China 1949 Soviet Union 1918 Korean War 1950 to 1953 Eastern Europe 1946 CONTAINMENT Marshall Plan Berlin Airlift NATO Korean War Berlin Blockade

Focus on Berlin After World War II, Germany was divided into four zones, occupied by French, British, American, and Soviet troops. Occupation zones after Berlin is the multinational area within the Soviet zone.

· In June of 1948, the French, British and American zones were joined into the nation of West Germany after the Soviets refused to end their occupation of Germany. Soviet blockade: West Germany East Germany West Berlin East Berlin

· In response, the Soviets cut off West Berlin from the rest of the world with a blockade. Eventual site of the Berlin Wall

· President Truman decided to avoid the blockade by flying in food and other supplies to the needy people of West Berlin. Berlin Airlift · At times, over 5,000 tons of supplies arrived daily.

Soviets Bloc Traffic In June 1948 the Soviets announced that they would block any road, rail, or river traffic into West Berlin. West Berlin’s residents were cut off from food, coal, and other products. West Berlin was not completely cutoff because it had airstrips. The Berlin Airlift British and American planes began making deliveries to West Berlin. The Berlin Airlift continued for months and months. Finally, the Soviet Union lifted its blockade on May 12, The Crisis in Berlin NATO Forms In 1949 the U.S. and 6 other nations joined Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and the U.K. to form NATO. An armed attack against one would be considered an attack against all. Today, 26 countries belong to NATO.

In 1949 the western nations formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to co-ordinate their defense against USSR. It originally consisted of: – America – Belgium – Britain – Canada – Denmark – France – Holland – Italy – Luxembourg – Norway – Portugal. NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Warsaw Pact (1955) }U. S. S. R. }Albania }Bulgaria }Czechoslovakia }East Germany }Hungary }Poland }Rumania Soviet Union and satellite states rival alliance to NATO

NATO

Mao Tse Tung, defeats Chang Kai Shek in the Chinese Civil War….. China became a communistic country. Chang Kai Shak is exiled to Taiwan. Mao Tse Tung becomes the Communistic leader of China. US believed there was a communistic plot to rule the world Mao Tse Tung, defeats Chang Kai Shek in the Chinese Civil War….. China became a communistic country. Chang Kai Shak is exiled to Taiwan. Mao Tse Tung becomes the Communistic leader of China. US believed there was a communistic plot to rule the world Mao Tse Tung Chang Kai Shek